Adrenals Flashcards
1
Q
Synthetized by the zona glomerulosa cells in the adrenal cortex: dehydroepiandrosterone 11-deoxycortizol cortisol aldosterone androgens
A
aldosterone
2
Q
Synthetized by the zona fasciculata cells in the adrenal cortex: dehydroepiandrosterone corticosterone cortisol aldosterone androgens
A
cortisol
3
Q
Synthetized by the zona reticularis cells in the adrenal cortex: dehydroepiandrosterone corticosterone cortisol aldosterone 11-deoxycortizol
A
dehydroepiandrosterone
4
Q
17-OH-corticosteroids are the metabolite of: glucocorticoids androgens mineralocorticoids estrogens none of them
A
?glucocorticoids
mineralocorticoids
5
Q
17-ketosteroids in urine are the metabolite of: glucocorticoid androgens mineralocorticoids estrogens none of them
A
androgens
6
Q
Effects of glucocorticoids, except: gluconeogenesis se glucose↑ eosinopenia GFR↑ collagen synthesis ↑
A
gluconeogenesis se glucose↑ eosinopenia GFR↑ collagen synthesis ↑
7
Q
Clinical signs of acute adrenocortical insufficiency, except: hypotension hypernatremia dehydration hypoglycemia nausea
A
hypernatremia
8
Q
Clinical signs of chronic primary adrenocortical insufficiency, except: hypernatremia hypotension GI disturbances muscle weakness hyperpigmentation
A
hypernatremia
9
Q
The most common cause of chronic primary adrenocortical insufficiency:
fungal infection
Tuberculosis most common = autoimmune 90%, but TB and tumor is also mentioned in the lecture so they can be right as well.
tumor metastasis
autoimmune
hemorrhagic necrosis
A
autoimmune
10
Q
Clinical signs of chronic adrenocortical insufficiency, except: orthostatic hypotension abdominal pain hyperglycemia weight loss hyponatremia
A
hyperglycemia
11
Q
Clinical signs of the secondary adrenocortical insufficiency, except: lymphocytosis dehydration ACTH ¯ eosinophilia anemia
A
dehydration
12
Q
Clinical signs of Cushing-syndrome, except: central obesity livid striae virilization depression amenorrhea
A
virilization
13
Q
Clinical signs of Cushing-syndrome, except: hirsutisms osteoporosis dysmenorrhea depression amenorrhea
A
dysmenorrhea
14
Q
Conn-syndrome is not associated with: 17α-hydroxylase deficiency 11ß-hydroxylase deficiency hyperplasia 21-hydroxylase deficiency adenoma
A
?21-hydroxylase deficiency
adenoma
15
Q
True statement for secondary mineralocorticoid-excess:
can be due to SIADH
can be due to 11β-hydroxylase deficiency
se renin level is low
can occur in liver-cirrhosis
all of them
A
?can occur in liver-cirrhosis
16
Q
Cause of secondary mineralocorticoid excess with hypertension, except: Bartter-syndrome reninoma estrogen therapy accelerated hypertension renovascular disease
A
reninoma
estrogen therapy
accelerated hypertension
renovascular disease
17
Q
Typical sign of pheochromocytoma, except: hypertension developed in paroxysm constipation nausea, vomiting, hyperhidrosis 24 hours urine VMA↑
A
constipation
18
Q
True statements:
mineralocorticoids are synthetized in zona glomerulosa
mineralocorticoids are synthetized in zona fasciculata
glucocorticoids are synthetized in zona fasciculata
glucocorticoids are synthetized in zona glomerulosa
A
mineralocorticoids are synthetized in zona glomerulosa
glucocorticoids are synthetized in zona fasciculata
19
Q
Effects of glucocorticoids: increase gluconeogenesis increase protein synthesis stimulate bone resorption increase water and Na+-excretion
A
increase gluconeogenesis
stimulate bone resorption
20
Q
Signs of acute Addisonian crisis, except: hypotension and shock hypoglycemia fever oedema
A
oedema
21
Q
Signs of primary adrenocortical insufficiency:
weakness, fatigue,
loosing weight
hypertension
GI disturbances
vitiligo
A
weakness, fatigue,
loosing weight
GI disturbances
22
Q
Which of the followings can not cause secondary adrenocortical insufficiency: glucocorticoid therapy Addison’s disease Sheehan-syndrome Waterhouse–Friderichsen-syndrome
A
?glucocorticoid therapy
Addison’s disease
Sheehan-syndrome
23
Q
Clinical signs of Cushing-syndrome: central obesity virilization psychological disorders - Depression hypotension
A
central obesity
psychological disorders
24
Q
Clinical signs of Cushing-syndrome: obesity hypertension psychological disorders virilization
A
obesity
hypertension
psychological disorders
25
Characteristic findings in Cushing-syndrome:
random secretion of ACTH
hyperpigmentation
absence of normal diurnal rhythm
TSH-, GH-, LH-, FSH-secretion are increased
random secretion of ACTH
| absence of normal diurnal rhythm
26
```
Hyperaldosteronism may develop due to:
estrogen therapy
cirrhosis
Bartter-syndrome
tuberculosis
```
estrogen therapy
cirrhosis
Bartter-syndrome
27
```
Possible causes of secondary hyperaldosteronism:
renovascular disease
estrogen therapy
cirrhosis
Bartter-syndrome
```
renovascular disease
estrogen therapy
cirrhosis
Bartter-syndrome
28
```
Signs of primary hyperaldosteronism:
polyuria
oedema
hypokalemia
acidosis
```
?
29
```
Causes of secondary hyperaldosteronism:
diuretic therapy
nephrotic syndrome
cardiac decompensation
liver cirrhosis
```
liver cirrhosis
30
```
Possible causes of Conn's syndrome:
adrenocortical hyperplasia
Bartter-syndrome
17α-hydroxylase-deficiency
21α-hydroxylase-deficiency
```
adrenocortical hyperplasia
17α-hydroxylase-deficiency
31
```
Possible cause of Conn's syndrome, except:
adrenocortical hyperplasia
Bartter-syndrome
17α- hydroxylase-deficiency
21α- hydroxylase-deficiency
```
Bartter-syndrome
21α- hydroxylase-deficiency
32
```
Signs of Conn's syndrome:
hypertonia
metabolic acidosis
polyuria, polydipsia
hyperkalemia
```
polyuria, polydipsia
33
Characteristic findings in ectopic ACTH-syndrome:
random secretion of ACTH
hyperpigmentation
usually the typical symptoms of Cushing syndrome are missing
hyperkalemia
random secretion of ACTH
hyperpigmentation
usually the typical symptoms of Cushing syndrome are missing
34
```
Typical signs of 11-β-hydroxylase deficiency:
hirsutisms
early adrenarche
hypokalemia
hypertonia
```
hirsutisms
early adrenarche
hypokalemia
35
```
Typical signs of 11-β-hydroxylase deficiency:
hirsutisms
hypertension
hypokalemia
early menarche
```
hirsutisms
hypertension
hypokalemia
early menarche
36
```
Typical signs of 21-hydroxylase deficiency:
hirsutisms
early menarche
hypokalemia
hypertonia
```
hirsutisms
| early menarche
37
```
Which endocrine disease can cause hypertension?
acromegaly
diabetes insipidus
Cushing-syndrome
hyperprolactinemia
```
acromegaly
| Cushing-syndrome
38
```
Hypertension can develop due to:
hyperthyroidism
Conn-syndrome
11-β-hydroxylase deficiency
Sheehan-syndrome
```
hyperthyroidism
Conn-syndrome
11-β-hydroxylase deficiency
39
```
Which endocrine disease can cause hypotension?
hypothyreosis
Sheehan-syndrome
21-hydroxylase deficiency
11-β-hydroxylase deficiency
```
Sheehan-syndrome
| 21-hydroxylase deficiency
40
```
Which endocrine disease can cause hypotension?
Addison-disease
Sheehan-syndrome
Waterhouse–Friderichsen-syndrome
Cushing-syndrome
```
Addison-disease
Sheehan-syndrome
Waterhouse–Friderichsen-syndrome
41
```
Which of the test can be used to diagnose Pheochromocytoma:
se metanephrine, normetanephrine
Clonidin suppression test
131I-MIBG scan
chromogranin A
```
se metanephrine, normetanephrine
Clonidin suppression test
131I-MIBG scan
chromogranin A
42
```
Clinical signs of pheochromocytoma:
hypertension
obesity
nausea, vomiting
nycturia
```
hypertension
nausea, vomiting
43
```
Clinical signs of pheochromocytoma:
palpitation
headache
sweating
cold limbs
```
palpitation
headache
sweating
cold limbs
44
```
True statements for pheochromocytoma:
familiar in 10%
intramedullary in 10%
bilateral in 10%
benign in 10%
```
familiar in 10%
bilateral in 10%
45
```
True statements for pheochromocytoma:
extramedullary in 10%
acquired in 10%
malignant in 10%
unilateral in 10%
```
extramedullary in 10%
malignant in 10%
46
```
True statements for pheochromocytoma:
warm, red limbs
orthostatic hypotension can be observed between attacks
weight gain
hypertension develops in paroxysm
```
orthostatic hypotension can be observed between attacks
hypertension develops in paroxysm
