Question 1

``` Factors influencing mean arterial pressure (MAP):      cardiac output      total peripheral resistance      heart rate      contractility ```

Accepted Answer

cardiac output      total peripheral resistance      heart rate      contractility

Question 2

Main effects of angiotensin II through AT1-receptors:
increases kidney blood flow
decreases of aldosterone secretion
enhances renin production
vasoconstriction resulting in blood pressure increases

Accepted Answer

vasoconstriction resulting in blood pressure increases

Question 3

Aldosterone function, effects:
regulation of extracellular volume
transformation of angiotensinogen produced by the liver to angiotensin I which will change to angiotensin II in the lungs
regulation of potassium balance
increases liquid intake by affecting thirst center in the hypothalamus

Accepted Answer

increases liquid intake by affecting thirst center in the hypothalamus

Question 4

As a result of prolonged hypertension, which alterations affect the vessel wall:
increasing shear stress at blood flow
increasing vessel wall elasticity
increasing endothelial damage
decreasing vessel wall permeability

Accepted Answer

increasing shear stress at blood flow      increasing endothelial damage

Question 5

``` Factors/causes influencing essential hypertension:      high NaCl-intake      kidney disease      excessive alcohol consumption      psychosocial stress ```

Accepted Answer

high NaCl-intake      kidney disease      excessive alcohol consumption      psychosocial stress

Question 6

``` Hypertension may cause the following: chest pain fatigue positional vertigo, blurred vision dizziness ```

Accepted Answer

chest pain fatigue positional vertigo, blurred vision dizziness

Question 7

Hypertension is defined by the following parameters:
systolic value ≥ 130 mmHg, diastolic value ≥ 80 mmHg
systolic value ≥ 135 mmHg, diastolic value ≥ 85 mmHg
systolic value ≥ 140 mmHg, diastolic value ≥ 90 mmHg
systolic value ≥ 145 mmHg, diastolic value ≥ 95 mmHg

Accepted Answer

systolic value ≥ 140 mmHg, diastolic value ≥ 90 mmHg

Question 8

Which statements are false?
The conversion of renin to angiotensin I is catalyzed by the ACE
ACE inhibitors are anithypertensive drugs
angiotensin II is a strong vasopressor: it induces arterial contraction and increases the blood pressure
angiotensin I is the only known substrate of renin

Accepted Answer

The conversion of renin to angiotensin I is catalyzed by the ACE angiotensin I is the only known substrate of renin

Question 9

What is isolated systolic lhypertension?
systolic ≤120 mmHg, diastolic ≤70 mmHg
systolic ≤130 mmHg, diastolic ≤80 mmHg
systolic ≤125 mmHg, diastolic ≤75 mmHgm
systolic ≥ 140 mmHg, diastolic <90 mmHg

Accepted Answer

systolic ≥ 140 mmHg, diastolic <90 mmHg

Question 10

``` What are the complications of hypertension?    Chronic renal failure    Heart failure    Stroke   Peripheral vascular disease ```

Accepted Answer

Chronic renal failure    Heart failure    Stroke   Peripheral vascular disease

Question 11

``` Possible causes of secondary hypertension:      primary hyperaldosteronism      Cushing’s syndrome      sleep apnea      increased salt intake ```

Accepted Answer

primary hyperaldosteronism      Cushing’s syndrome      increased salt intake

Question 12

``` Which factors affect the blood pressure? sympathetic nervous system activity heart rate renal function serum ALP activity ```

Accepted Answer

sympathetic nervous system activity heart rate renal function

Question 13

Which statements are true about bradykinine?
It promotes the production of NO and prostaglandin in endothelial cells
It relaxes the blood vessels
It increases the blood pressure
It is a vasoconstrictor

Accepted Answer

It promotes the production of NO and prostaglandin in endothelial cells It relaxes the blood vessels

Question 14

Which statements are true about growth factors? they promote the thickening of vessel walls They increases the diameter of blood vessels They increase the body height They increase the blood flow

Accepted Answer

they promote the thickening of vessel walls They increase the body height

Question 15

``` Which factors promote the proliferation of smooth muscle cells? Endothelin Epidermal growth factor (EGF) Protacyclin NO ```

Accepted Answer

Endothelin Epidermal growth factor (EGF)

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Hypertension Flashcards

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