Thyroid Flashcards
The thyroid is connected by the
Isthmus
The thyroid is bounded _____ by carotid arteries and jugular veins
Laterally
Normal adult thyroid length
40-60 mm
Normal adult thyroid width
15-20mm
Measurement of the isthmus greater than ____ indicates an enlarged thyroid
10mm
Strap muscles include
Sternothyroid, sternohyoid, omohyoid
The strap muscles are located
Anteriorly
Larger oval band that lies anterior lateral to the thyroid gland
Sternocleidomastoid
The longus colli muscle lies ____to the thyroid lobe’s
Posterior lateral
The esophagus may be found to the ____ of the trachea
Left
Thyroid hormone that is the most released
T4
When thyroid hormone is needed by the body it is released into the bloodstream by action of
TSH
TSH is produced by the
Pituitary gland
Most common thyroid disorder
Hypothyroidism
True or false: hypothyroidism causes cold intolerance
True
Hypothyroidism is most often caused by
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
Clinical sign that is protruding eyes
Exophthalmus
TSH levels in a patient with hyperthyroidism will be
Low
TSH levels in a patient with hypothyroidism will be
High
______ of nodular disease is due to hyperplasia
80%
Most common thyroid abnormality
Goiter/nodule
Goiter/nodule is caused by
Iodine deficiency
Toxic goiter results from _____ of the thyroid gland
Hyperactivity
Non-toxic: ____ associated with thyroid disfunction
Is not
Thyroid neoplasm characterized by complete fibrous encapsulation
Adenoma
Commonly has a periphery halo
Adenoma
Carcinoma of the thyroid is
Rare
Risk of malignancy _____ with presence of multiple nodules
Decreases
Solitary thyroid nodule in the presence of cervical adenopathy on same side suggests
Malignancy
Malignant lesions are usually ____ relative to normal thyroid
Hypoechoic
Calcifications are present in _____ of all types of thyroid carcinoma
50-80%
Most common thyroid malignancy
Papillary carcinoma
Associated with neck/upper chest radiation
Papillary carcinoma
Females are affected three times more than males in
Papillary carcinoma
Second most common thyroid cancer
Follicular carcinoma
Not associated with neck and upper chest radiation
Follicular carcinoma
Carcinoma with irrregular margins and thick irregular Halo
Follicular carcinoma
Third most common malignancy
Medullary carcinoma
Derived from C cells of thyroid tissue that secrete calcitonin and accounts for 5% of thyroid cancer’s
Medullary carcinoma
Associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia(MEN) type two syndrome
Medullary carcinoma
Least common malignancy
Anaplastic carcinoma
Lymphoma and thyroid primarily is
Non Hodgkins
Graves disease occurs more frequently in women over
30
Increased vascularity and Graves’ disease is known as ____
Thyroid inferno
Caused by a viral infection of the thyroid
Subacute (de Quervains) thyroiditis
Most common form of thyroiditis
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
Normal size of the parathyroid gland
5 x 3 x 1 mm
When serum calcium level decreases, parathyroid glands are stimulated to release
PTH
Parathyroid glands are ______ sensing organs in the body
Calcium
Most common referral for parathyroid sonography
Unexplained hypercalcemia
Elevated serum calcium levels can lead to renal stones, ulcers, bone pain and may be associated with chronic renal failure and vitamin D deficiency this also is associated with
Secondary hyperparathyroidism
Most common type of hyperparathyroidism
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Most common cause of primary hyperparathyroidism
Parathyroid adenoma
In primary hyperparathyroidism lab values will be
Increased PTH and serum calcium
Parathyroid adenoma causes __ percent of primary hyperparathyroidism
80%
Parathyroid over __ is classified as enlarged
1cm
Chronic hypocalcemia caused by renal failure, vitamin D deficiency, or malabsorption syndrome’s causes
Secondary hyperparathyroidism
Congenital anomalies that appear in midline of neck anterior to trachea
Thyroglossal duct cyst
Cystic formations usually located lateral to thyroid gland
Branchial cleft cyst
The more ___ the node, the more likely malignant
Rounded
