Pediatric Hip Flashcards
Bending forward:
Flexion
Bending backwards:
Extension
Moving sideways outward:
Abduction
Moving sideways inward:
Adduction
Indications for neonatal hip exam
- presence of risk factors for developmental displacement of hip
- abnormal hip exam
- evaluation of response to treatment
Risk factors for Developmental Displacement of the Hip(DDH)
- breech
- female affect 2.5x
- firstborn
- unilateral and left hip affected more
Neonatal hip dislocation can be:
- Acquired
- teratogenic
- developmental
Teratogenic dislocations occur _____
In utero
Teratogenic dislocations are associated with ____
Neuromuscular disorders
Upon visual inspection, dislocated hip shows:
- Asymmetric skin folds
- shortening of the affected thigh
The knee is lower in position in the affected side when the patient is supine and the knees are flexed. This is the _____ sign
Galeazzi sign
The _____ maneuver determines if the hip can be dislocated
Barlow
The _____ maneuver determines if the dislocated femoral head can be reduced back into the acetabulum
Ortolani
Patient is in supine position with hip flexed 90 degrees and ADDUCTED. Downward and outward pressure is applied:
Barlow maneuver
Patient is in supine position. Examiners hand is placed on hip with middle finger lying over the greater trochanter and the thumb over the lesser trochanter. The hip is flexed 90 degrees and the thigh is ABDUCTED:
Ortolani maneuver
Sonography can be performed until the femoral head ____
Ossifies
Transducer used for pediatric hip
High frequency linear
The initial treatment for uncomplicated DDH is:
Closed reduction
Treatment for DDH should be performed before the patient:
The patient walks
If closed reduction fails to treat DDH or if the dislocation is teratogenic, the patient usually requires:
Open reduction
Right hip examined with the transducer in the ___ hand
Left
Left hip examined with the transducer in the ____ hand
Right
Position of patient for exam:
Supine with feet towards sonographer
Primary sonographic imaging is performed from ____ aspect of hip while moving hip from ______ position into ______ position
Lateral/posterolateral
Neutral to flexed
