MSK

Question 1

Skeletal muscle contains long organized units called

Answer 1

Muscle fibers

Question 2

Muscles have fibers that either run parallel to bone, fane shape, or ____ pattern

Answer 2

Pennate

Question 3

Feather-like muscle pattern runs OBLIQUE to long axis of muscle

Answer 3

Pennate

Question 4

All fascicles are on the same side of the tendon

Answer 4

Unipennate

Question 5

There are fascicles on both sides of the central tendon

Answer 5

Bipennate

Question 6

The central tendon branches within a pennate muscle

Answer 6

Multipennate

Question 7

Convergence of fibers to a central tendon

Answer 7

Circumpennate

Question 8

Attachment of muscle occurs at proximal and distal portions of bundle; it is a collection of tough collagenous fibers called a ____

Answer 8

Tendon

Question 9

Connects muscle to bone:

Answer 9

Tendon

Question 10

Attachments of tendons/muscle are either ____ or _____

Answer 10

Cordlike or flat sheet(anoneuroses)

Question 11

_____ attachment occurs in flat muscles like the recurs abdominis

Answer 11

Aponeuroses

Question 12

Insertion of tendon to bone:

Answer 12

Enthesis

Question 13

Tubular sac surroundings tendon that has 2 layers:

Answer 13

Synovial sheath

Question 14

_____ is one example of tendon with synovial sheath

Answer 14

Biceps tendon

Question 15

____ doesn’t have a synovial sheath(it has a fat layer instead), making it harder to image

Answer 15

Achilles

Question 16

Connect bone to bone

Answer 16

Ligaments

Question 17

Saclike structure surrounding joints and tendons containing viscous fluid:

Answer 17

Bursa

Question 18

Purpose of bursa:

Answer 18

Reduce friction

Question 19

Interwoven and interconnected collagen fibers found in tendon run in a ______ path

Answer 19

Parallel

Question 20

Avascular structure, 1 cm long, longitudinally appears as triangular hypoechoic area in distal tendon:

Answer 20

Enthesis

Question 21

Parallel lines, alternating hypoechoic & hyperechoic lines: ____ pattern

Answer 21

Fibrillar pattern

Question 22

Must scan _____ to tendon

Answer 22

Perpendicular

Question 23

Artifact that makes tendon look hypoechoic or anechoic

Answer 23

Anisotrophy

Question 24

Only sonographical difference between ligaments and tendons is; ligament is slightly _____ echogenic than tendon

Answer 24

Less

Question 25

_____ imaging; Only method used into image injuries

Answer 25

Longitudinal imaging

Question 26

Cruciate ligament (knee joint) appears _______. Unlike the other ligaments in large joints of the body

Answer 26

Hypoechoic

Question 27

Proximal portion of muscle:

Answer 27

Origin

Question 28

Distal end of muscle:

Answer 28

Insertion

Question 29

Muscle fibers appear sonographically as ____

Answer 29

Hypoechoic

Question 30

Muscle appears homogeneous with multiple, fine ____ echoes

Answer 30

Parallel

Question 31

Normal nerve appears sonographically: ______ when compared to muscle, but _____ compared to tendon

Answer 31

Hyperechoic Hypoechoic

Question 32

Major bursa of body is bursa found in the ____

Answer 32

Shoulder

Question 33

Categorizing the bursa is based on relation to joint space:

Answer 33

Communicating or noncommunicating

Question 34

Communicating bursa that sonographers see is _______ located in the medial _____ fossa

Answer 34

Bakers cyst Medial popliteal fossa

Question 35

Example of superficial noncommunicating bursa is the :

Answer 35

Prepatellar bursa

Question 36

Technique to correct anisotropy:

Answer 36

Heel-toe

Question 37

Angle and direction of the reflected beam depend on the ____

Answer 37

Angle of incidence

Question 38

Function of sound bouncing between 2 closely placed reflectors within imaging structure:

Answer 38

Comet tail artifact

Question 39

bending of transmitted sound beam to an oblique path...results in hypoechoic band posterior to structure—Refractile shadowing is seen as ___ artifact

Answer 39

Edge artifact

Question 40

Speed of sound within soft tissue ___

Answer 40

1540 m/sec

Question 41

Time of flight artifact AKA:

Answer 41

Speed of sound

Question 42

Artifact occurs when retuning sound wave passes between two tissue with different speeds

Answer 42

Time of flight/ Speed of Sound

Question 43

If speed of sound is less than average in tissue, artifact appears ____

Answer 43

Farther away from transducer

Question 44

If speed of sound is faster, artifact is _____ to transducer

Answer 44

Closer

Question 45

Correction technique for reverberation

Answer 45

Use a stand-off pad or find a different acoustic window

Question 46

Correction technique for refractile artifact

Answer 46

Compound imaging or tissue harmonics

Question 47

Correction technique for time of flight/speed of sound artifact

Answer 47

Change angle of incidence/find different acoustic window

Question 48

Position used to image supraspinatus tendon(shoulder)

Answer 48

Crass or Bouffard position

Question 49

Indications for wrist sonography: tingling with nerve percussion: ____ sign

Answer 49

Tinel sign

Question 50

Indications for wrist sonography: pain with wrist flexion when sustained for a minute or longer—_____ sign

Answer 50

Phalens sign

Question 51

Carpal tunnel syndrome affects the _____ nerve

Answer 51

Median

Question 52

Carpal tunnel syndrome is:

Answer 52

entrapment/compression of the median nerve

Question 53

Largest tendon in body

Answer 53

Achilles tendon

Question 54

Plantar flexion with squeezing of the calf. If no movement exam is positive for tendon rupture

Answer 54

Thompson test

Question 55

What makes healing difficult for Achilles injuries

Answer 55

The lack of blood supply

Question 56

Most common dislocation is

Answer 56

Deep to subscapularis anterior to glenohumeral joint capsule

Question 57

Rotator cuff tears are classified as either

Answer 57

Partial-thickness or full-thickness tears

Question 58

Rotator cuff tear causes: acute:

Answer 58

Biceps tendon rupture Falls Shoulder dislocation

Question 59

Rotator cuff tear: chronic:

Answer 59

Overuse; constantly lifting arms over head—stocking shelves, tennis, swimming, rock climbing

Question 60

Tear of the rotator cuff that involves the full thickness and width of the tendons

Answer 60

Full thickness tear

Question 61

Tendinitis more often only occurs in the

Answer 61

Shoulder

Question 62

Pain of the thumb side of wrist

Answer 62

De Quervains

Question 63

Creaking sound

Answer 63

Crepitus

Question 64

Most common pathological condition of muscles of the limbs

Answer 64

Tear

Question 65

Muscle tear: retracted hyperechoic muscle surrounded by hematoma: _____ sign

Answer 65

Clapper-in-bell sign