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Small Parts/specialized > MSK > Flashcards

MSK Flashcards

1
Q

Skeletal muscle contains long organized units called

A

Muscle fibers

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2
Q

Muscles have fibers that either run parallel to bone, fane shape, or ____ pattern

A

Pennate

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3
Q

Feather-like muscle pattern runs OBLIQUE to long axis of muscle

A

Pennate

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4
Q

All fascicles are on the same side of the tendon

A

Unipennate

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5
Q

There are fascicles on both sides of the central tendon

A

Bipennate

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6
Q

The central tendon branches within a pennate muscle

A

Multipennate

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7
Q

Convergence of fibers to a central tendon

A

Circumpennate

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8
Q

Attachment of muscle occurs at proximal and distal portions of bundle; it is a collection of tough collagenous fibers called a ____

A

Tendon

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9
Q

Connects muscle to bone:

A

Tendon

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10
Q

Attachments of tendons/muscle are either ____ or _____

A

Cordlike or flat sheet(anoneuroses)

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11
Q

_____ attachment occurs in flat muscles like the recurs abdominis

A

Aponeuroses

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12
Q

Insertion of tendon to bone:

A

Enthesis

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13
Q

Tubular sac surroundings tendon that has 2 layers:

A

Synovial sheath

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14
Q

_____ is one example of tendon with synovial sheath

A

Biceps tendon

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15
Q

____ doesn’t have a synovial sheath(it has a fat layer instead), making it harder to image

A

Achilles

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16
Q

Connect bone to bone

A

Ligaments

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17
Q

Saclike structure surrounding joints and tendons containing viscous fluid:

A

Bursa

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18
Q

Purpose of bursa:

A

Reduce friction

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19
Q

Interwoven and interconnected collagen fibers found in tendon run in a ______ path

A

Parallel

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20
Q

Avascular structure, 1 cm long, longitudinally appears as triangular hypoechoic area in distal tendon:

A

Enthesis

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21
Q

Parallel lines, alternating hypoechoic & hyperechoic lines: ____ pattern

A

Fibrillar pattern

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22
Q

Must scan _____ to tendon

A

Perpendicular

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23
Q

Artifact that makes tendon look hypoechoic or anechoic

A

Anisotrophy

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24
Q

Only sonographical difference between ligaments and tendons is; ligament is slightly _____ echogenic than tendon

A

Less

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25
Q

_____ imaging; Only method used into image injuries

A

Longitudinal imaging

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26
Q

Cruciate ligament (knee joint) appears _______. Unlike the other ligaments in large joints of the body

A

Hypoechoic

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27
Q

Proximal portion of muscle:

28
Q

Distal end of muscle:

29
Q

Muscle fibers appear sonographically as ____

A

Hypoechoic

30
Q

Muscle appears homogeneous with multiple, fine ____ echoes

31
Q

Normal nerve appears sonographically: ______ when compared to muscle, but _____ compared to tendon

A

Hyperechoic

Hypoechoic

32
Q

Major bursa of body is bursa found in the ____

33
Q

Categorizing the bursa is based on relation to joint space:

A

Communicating or noncommunicating

34
Q

Communicating bursa that sonographers see is _______ located in the medial _____ fossa

A

Bakers cyst

Medial popliteal fossa

35
Q

Example of superficial noncommunicating bursa is the :

A

Prepatellar bursa

36
Q

Technique to correct anisotropy:

37
Q

Angle and direction of the reflected beam depend on the ____

A

Angle of incidence

38
Q

Function of sound bouncing between 2 closely placed reflectors within imaging structure:

A

Comet tail artifact

39
Q

bending of transmitted sound beam to an oblique path…results in hypoechoic band posterior to structure—Refractile shadowing is seen as ___ artifact

A

Edge artifact

40
Q

Speed of sound within soft tissue ___

A

1540 m/sec

41
Q

Time of flight artifact AKA:

A

Speed of sound

42
Q

Artifact occurs when retuning sound wave passes between two tissue with different speeds

A

Time of flight/ Speed of Sound

43
Q

If speed of sound is less than average in tissue, artifact appears ____

A

Farther away from transducer

44
Q

If speed of sound is faster, artifact is _____ to transducer

45
Q

Correction technique for reverberation

A

Use a stand-off pad or find a different acoustic window

46
Q

Correction technique for refractile artifact

A

Compound imaging or tissue harmonics

47
Q

Correction technique for time of flight/speed of sound artifact

A

Change angle of incidence/find different acoustic window

48
Q

Position used to image supraspinatus tendon(shoulder)

A

Crass or Bouffard position

49
Q

Indications for wrist sonography: tingling with nerve percussion: ____ sign

A

Tinel sign

50
Q

Indications for wrist sonography: pain with wrist flexion when sustained for a minute or longer—_____ sign

A

Phalens sign

51
Q

Carpal tunnel syndrome affects the _____ nerve

52
Q

Carpal tunnel syndrome is:

A

entrapment/compression of the median nerve

53
Q

Largest tendon in body

A

Achilles tendon

54
Q

Plantar flexion with squeezing of the calf. If no movement exam is positive for tendon rupture

A

Thompson test

55
Q

What makes healing difficult for Achilles injuries

A

The lack of blood supply

56
Q

Most common dislocation is

A

Deep to subscapularis anterior to glenohumeral joint capsule

57
Q

Rotator cuff tears are classified as either

A

Partial-thickness or full-thickness tears

58
Q

Rotator cuff tear causes: acute:

A

Biceps tendon rupture

Falls

Shoulder dislocation

59
Q

Rotator cuff tear: chronic:

A

Overuse; constantly lifting arms over head—stocking shelves, tennis, swimming, rock climbing

60
Q

Tear of the rotator cuff that involves the full thickness and width of the tendons

A

Full thickness tear

61
Q

Tendinitis more often only occurs in the

62
Q

Pain of the thumb side of wrist

A

De Quervains

63
Q

Creaking sound

64
Q

Most common pathological condition of muscles of the limbs

65
Q

Muscle tear: retracted hyperechoic muscle surrounded by hematoma: _____ sign

A

Clapper-in-bell sign

Small Parts/specialized (15 decks)

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