Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Small Parts/specialized > Pediatric Abdomen > Flashcards

Pediatric Abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

Transducer used for pediatric abdomen

A

Highest frequency (linear, curved array, or sector)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

For better resolution, use ____ and ____ instead of decreasing depth

A

Sequential focusing and zoom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

0-2 y/o: NPO for abdominal ultrasound ____

A

4 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

3-5 y/o: NPO for abdominal ultrasound ____

A

5 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

6+ y/o: NPO for abdominal ultrasound

A

6 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Right hepatic lobe should not extend more than ___ below costal margin in young infant without pulmonary hyperaeration

A

1cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Normal echogenicity for neonatal/pediatric liver

A

Low to medium homogenicity w clear definition of portal venous vasculature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

CBD in neonates/pediatrics:

A

Younger= smaller

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

CBD in neonates

A

<1mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

CBD in infants up to 1 y/o

A

<2mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

CBD in older children

A

<4mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

CBD in adolescents and adults

A

<6-7mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Length of gallbladder should not exceed the length of the ____

A

Kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Infants <1 y/o: length of gallbladder is:

A

1.5-3cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Length of gallbladder in older children:

A

3-7cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Pancreatic duct should not exceed:

A

1-2mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Pancreas texture is ___ compared to normal liver texture

A

Hypoechoic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Why is the pancreas hypoechoic compared to the normal liver?

A

There is little fatty tissue in Islets of Langerhans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Pancreatic head should measure :

A

1-2.2cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Pancreas body measures:

A

.4-1cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Pancreas tail measures:

A

.8-1.8cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Spleen in infants less than 3 months old measures

A

6cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

> 12 y/o, spleen measures:

A

12cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Portal vein measures _____ in children <10

A

8.5mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Portal vein measurement for 10-20 y/o

A

10mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Extrahepatic obstruction in neonate may be caused by:

A

Choledochal cyst, biliary atresia, or spontaneous perforation of bile ducts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Intrahepatic causes of neonatal jaundice:

A

Hepatitis and metabolic disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Extrahepatic/intrahepatic obstruction to bile flow causes:

A

Jaundice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

If neonate has jaundice that persists beyond ______, sonography may be ordered to differentiate causes

A

2-weeks after delivery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Inspissated means:

A

Thickened

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Jaundice in infants and children may be due to

A

Cirrhosis, benign structures, neoplastic processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

3 most common causes of jaundice in neonates

A

BILIARY ATRESIA, Hepatitis, choledochal cyst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

In neonatal hepatitis, the infection of the liver occurs within _____ of birth

A

First 3 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Neonatal hepatitis: infection reaches liver through the _____

A

Placenta(from maternal secretions, catheters/blood transfusions)

35
Q

Most common agents of transplacental infection for neonatal hepatitis

A

Syphilis, toxoplasma, rubella, cytomegalovirus(CMV)

36
Q

Neonatal hepatitis sonographic findings:

A

Liver normal/enlarged

Echogenic parenchyma

Decreased visibility of peripheral portal venous structures

If dysfunction is severe, GB wall may be small

37
Q

Biliary atresia is _____ of biliary ductal system

A

Narrowing/underdevelopment

38
Q

Biliary atresia is more common in

A

Males

39
Q

Clinical features in neonates for biliary atresia:

A

Persistent jaundice

Acholic(pale) stools

Dark urine

Hepatimegaly/distended abdomen

40
Q

Sonographic features biliary atresia

A

Liver is normal or enlarged

Normal or increased echogenic parenchyma with slight decrease in visualization of peripheral portal venous system

Intrahepatic ducts NOT dilated

Small triangular structure may be seen superior to porta hepatis

41
Q

Small triangular structure seeen superior to porta hepatis is:

A

Hypoplastic remnant of biliary structure

42
Q

Change in GB size after milk feeding suggests ____ of common hepatic/CBD(seen only in neonatal hepatitis)

A

Patency

43
Q

Presence of ______ should determine if biliary atresia is suspected

A

Polysplenia

44
Q

Abnormal cystic dilation of biliary tree that most frequently affects the CBD

A

Choledochal cyst

45
Q

Most common type of choledochal cyst

A

Fusiform dilation of CBD

46
Q

How many types of choledochal cysts are there

A

5

47
Q

Disease associated with choledochal cysts

A

Caroli’s disease

48
Q

Two most common neoplasms in pediatric population

A

Hemangioendothelioma(benign)

Hepatoblastoma(malignant)

49
Q

Most common benign liver tumor

A

Hemangioendothelioma

50
Q

Infantile hepatic vascular tumor:

A

Hemangioendothelioma

51
Q

Most common sonographic appearance of hemangioendothelioma is:

A

Hepatomegaly

52
Q

Most common malignant tumors in children

A

Hepatoblastoma and hepatocellular carcinoma

53
Q

Most common primary malignant disease of liver

A

Hepatoblastoma

54
Q

Most common abdominal malignancy in children

A

Neohroblastoma/Wilms tumor

55
Q

2nd most common abdominal malignancy in children

A

Neuroblastoma(adrenal gland)

56
Q

3rd most common abdominal malignancy in children

A

Hepatoblastoma

57
Q

Hepatoblastoma is associated with:

A

Beckwith-Weidmann syndrome, hemihypertrophy(excess growth of one side of body)

58
Q

Second most common malignant tumor in children

A

Hepatocellular carcinoma

59
Q

Hepatocellular carcinoma is also known as

A

Hepatoma

60
Q

3 conditions indicating pediatric ultrasound for extreme abdominal pain

A

Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

Appendicitis

Intussesception

61
Q

Located between stomach and duodenum

A

Pyloric canal

62
Q

Hypertrophy of circular muscle of pyloric causes

A

Narrowing of pyloric canal

63
Q

Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis(HPS) appears most commonly in

A

Male infants between 3-12 weeks pregnant old

64
Q

Most common clinical sign for HPS

A

Bile-free/ projectile vomiting

65
Q

Palpation of _____ shaped mass in RUQ is diagnostic and treated by surgical _______

A

Olive shaped

Pyloromyotomy

66
Q

Appearance of a hypertrophied pyloric muscle:

A

Bagel/donut appearance with echogenic central canal

67
Q

HPS: if muscle is thickened and elongated, the mucosa extends into the antrum— _____ sign

A

Cervix sign

68
Q

Pyoloric muscle wall normal measurements

A

<3mm in trans

<15-16mm in long

69
Q

Diagnosis of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis depends on

A

Pyloric muscle canal measures 15-16mm or greater

Pyloric wall muscle thickness of 3mm or more

Visualization of hypertrophied muscle

70
Q

Most common cause of emergent surgical abdominal pain in children

A

Appendicitis

71
Q

Appendicitis: transducer is moved slowly over abdomen using ____ technique

A

Graded compression

72
Q

Causes of appendices non visualization

A

Overlying bowel

Retrocecal positon of appendix

Over-distention or nondistention of bladder

73
Q

Sonographic features of appendicitis

A

Acutely inflamed

Noncompressible

Outer diameter measures >6-7mm

Hyperemia

Free peritoneal fluid

Apendicolith

Target sign

74
Q

Most common acute abdominal disorder in early childhood

A

Intussusception

75
Q

Occurs when bowel prolapses into more distal bowel and propelled in antegrade fashion

A

Intussusception

76
Q

Intussusception causes ______ of bowel which then causes obstruction

A

Telescoping

77
Q

Most common cause of intestinal obstruction in children under 3

A

Intussusception

78
Q

Clinical signs of intussusception

A

Colicky abdominal pain, vomiting, bloody(currant jelly) stools

79
Q

Intussusception sonographic features

A

Alternating hypo/hyperechoic rings surrounding an echogenic center—target sign, donut sign, cinnamon bun sign——transverse

Hypoechoic layers on each side of echogenic center——Pseudokidney or sandwich sign—longitudinal

80
Q

Hair balls in young women

A

Trichobezoar

81
Q

Vegetal matter

A

Phytobezoars

82
Q

Incompletely dissolved powdered formula

A

Lactobezoar

83
Q

Inorganic material(sand, asphalt, shellac, “concrete”)

A

Concretion

Small Parts/specialized (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions