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Small Parts/specialized > Neonatal Spine > Flashcards

Neonatal Spine Flashcards

1
Q

Neural tube that becomes the spinal cord and brain

A

Ectoderm

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2
Q

Neural tube that forms the bony spine, meninges, and muscle

A

Mesoderm

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3
Q

Defects of the spine occur in the first ____ weeks

A

8.5 weeks

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4
Q

Incomplete separation of the neural tube from the ectoderm:

A

Cord tethering
Diastematomyelia
Dermal sinus

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5
Q

Premature separation of the neural tube from the ectoderm results in:

A

Lipomas

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6
Q

Failure of the neural tube to fold and fuse in the middle:

A

Myelomeningocele

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7
Q

Disorders of the distal cord:

A

Fibrolipomas of the filum terminale

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8
Q

Total vertebrae:

A

33

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9
Q

How many cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal bones are there?

A 
C-7
T-12
L-5
S-5
C-4
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10
Q

Meninges layers:

A
  • Dura mater(outer)
  • arachnoid mater(middle)
  • Pia(inner)
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11
Q

Which meninges layer contains CSF?

A

Arachnoid mater

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12
Q

Which meninges layer is the vascular layer?

A

Pia mater

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13
Q

The spinal cord terminates at ____ in adults

A

Lower border of L1

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14
Q

The spinal cord terminates at _____ in children

A

Upper border of L3

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15
Q

Spinal cord: any termination(corpus medullaris) below _____ is abnormal

A

L3

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16
Q

“Horse tail” part of spinal cord/lower nerve roots

A

Cauda equina

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17
Q

How many nerve roots are there in the spinal cord?

A

31

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18
Q

Indications for a spinal cord sonographic exam:

A

Sacral dimple

Lower extremity deformity

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19
Q

Patient positions for exam:

A

Prone
Lateral decubitus
Upright

20
Q

Transducer for spinal exam

A

High frequency, linear

21
Q

Incomplete ossification of _____ spinal elements allows visualization

A

Posterior

22
Q

Where do you begin the exam?

A
  1. Sacral area and follow spinal canal in a cranial direction
  2. Count from lowest rib bearing vertebra(rib over kidney & follow medially)
  3. Determine level of conus medullaris
23
Q

Sonographic appearance of vertebral bodies:

A

Echogenic, anterior

24
Q

Sonographic appearance of lamina:

A

Slight off midline (overlapping roof tiles)

25
Q

Sonographic appearance of spinous processes:

A

Inverted “U”

26
Q

Sonographic appearance of coccyx

A

Hypoechoic, don’t mistake for fluid

27
Q

Sonographic appearance of spinal cord

A

Hypoechoic with slightly echogenic borders and echogenic line extending along the middle

28
Q

Sonographic appearance of nerve roots

A

Echogenic

Move and change configuration during respiratory variations

29
Q

Sonographic appearance of conus medullaris

A

Normally above L3/L2.

30
Q

Fixation of cord @ abnormal caudal location (below L3)

A

Tethered cord

31
Q
  • Diminished cord movement

- cord mechanical stretching, distortion, and ischemia with growth & activity

A

Tethered cord

32
Q

Tethered cord will sonographically show diminished cord ____

A

Pulsation

33
Q

Fatty masses that have connection with spinal cord

A

Lipomas

34
Q

Lipomas are frequently associated with _____

A

Tethered cord

35
Q

Dilation of central canal, diffuse or focal

A

Hydromelia

36
Q

Sonographic findings of hydromelia

A

Separation of echogenic linear structures of central canal

37
Q

Cord is split at one or more sites by a septum

A

Diastematomyelia

38
Q

Split segments(diastematomyelia) are best seen in _____ plane

A

Transverse

39
Q

Cysts on the spinal cord may be seen in ____ or ____

A

Cauda equina or filum terminale

40
Q

Small cysts in the filum terminale may be remnants of :

A

Terminal ventricle or an arachnoid pseudocyst

41
Q

Cysts on the spinal cord are related to ___

A

Tethered cord

42
Q

Protruding pouch containing CSF and nerves

A

Myelomeningocele spina bifida

43
Q

Sonographic appearance of myelomeningocele

A

Protruding pouch with flat, non-tubulated cord with nerve roots inside

44
Q

Small “dimple-like” opening in the midline of the spine connecting deep into the spinal cord

A

Dermal sinus tract

45
Q

The majority of dermal sinus tracts are located at the level of the _____ or ______

A

Sacrum or lumbar

46
Q

With a dimple sinus tract, communication with the spinal canal contents increases possibility of _____

A

Meningitis

Small Parts/specialized (15 decks)

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