Breast Flashcards
Mobility of a malignant, solid mass ____
Firmly fixed
Mobility of a benign solid mass:
Some mobility
Compressibility of a benign solid mass:
Fatty tumors usually compressible
Compressibility of a malignant solid mass:
Rigid, non-compressible
Vascularity of a solid malignant mass
Hypervascular; feeder vessel
Benign pathology on the outer breast that fluctuates with cycle
Fibrocystic condition
Most common benign pathology; firm, clearly delineated
Fibroadenoma
Most common malignant pathology
Invasive ductal carcinoma
Invasive ductal carcinoma accounts for _____ percentage
80%
Extension of breast tissue into the axilla
Tail of Spence
The three layers of breast tissue
- Subcutaneous
- mammary/glandular
- retromammary
Fatty tissue in the breast appears
Hypoechoic
Cooper ligaments form _______ to maintain breast shape
Fribrous skeleton
The functional portion of the breast
Mammary layer
The mammary layer has _____ lobes
15-20
Milk producing glands
Lobes
Almost all pathology originates here
Terminal Ductal lobular unit(TDLU)
Cooper ligaments and other connective tissue is disbursed in a ______ pattern
Linear
If there is little fat in the mammary/glandular layer the appearance will be
Echogenic
If there is a lot of fat in the mammary/glandular layer the appearance will be
Hypoechoic
Retromammary layer is similar in echogenicity and echotexture to the ______ layer
Subcutaneous layer
In mature women; _____ tissue begins to replace glandular tissue
Fatty
The main arterial supply to the breast includes
- internal mammary arteries
- Lateral thoracic arteries
Is over 50% of the arterial supply to the breast
Internal mammary artery’s
Lymphatic drainage generally flows to the ____ lymph nodes
Axillary
Concerning the male breast, if ductal elements hypertrophy:
Gynecomastia
Male patients at increased risk for breast cancer:
- Klinefelter syndrome
- Male to female transsexual
- History of chest wall irradiation
- History of orchitis or testicular tumor
- Liver disease
- Genetic predisposition
Results from two or more X chromosomes in males. The primary features are infertility and small testicles
Klinefelter syndrome
Primary function of the breast
Fluid transport
During pregnancy ______ is produced by the pituitary which stimulates cells to produce and excrete milk
Prolactin
Mammogram is not typically done until ____ after breastfeeding
6 months
The clinical evaluation of a patient with a breast problem should include what history
Age
Risk factors
Onset and duration of mass
Relation to menstrual cycle
BI-RADS categories include:
- Negative
- Benign
- Probable benign
- Suspicious, consider biopsy
- Highly suggestive of malignancy
Ultrasound is the primary imaging tool in patients under the age of
30
Mammography is _____ indicated under age 20
Rarely
Why is ultrasound better with breast augmentation patients
Because mammography is unable to visualize tissue beyond the implant
Principal signs of cancer that are difficult to see with ultrasound
Microcalcifications and focal distortion
Sagittal corresponds with
Radial
Transverse corresponds with
Anti-radial
Technique used to confirm margins
Fremitus
Malignant solid masses are
Taller than wide
