Thrombocytopenia, ITP & DIC Flashcards
What is the main cause of an acquired bleeding disorder?
Thrombocytopenia
Apart from thrombocytopenia, what are some of the other causes of acquired bleeding disorders?
Liver disease
Haemorrhagic disease of the newborn
What is thrombocytopenia?
Decreased number of platelts
What are the clinical features of thrombocytopenia?
Petechia
Eccymosis (bruising)
Mucosal bleeding
Spontaneous bleeding
What is ecchymosis mean?
Bruising
Does a petechial rash blanch?
No
A platelet count below which number can result in spontaenous bleeding in thrombocytopenia?
<10
What are the 2 process that result in thrombocytopenia?
Decreased platelet production
Increased platelet consumption
What are some of the casues of decreased platelet production, which leads to thrombocytopenia?
Bonw marrow failure
Vit. B12 deficiency
Aplastic anaemia
What are some of the causes of increased platelet consumption, which results in thrombocytopenia?
Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)
Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
ITP causes an increased consumption of platelets, which results in thrombocytopenia. What does ITP stand for?
Immune thrombocytopneic purpura
DIC causes an increased consumption of platelets, which results in thrombocytopenia. What does DIC stand for?
Disseminated intravascular coagulation
Where does a petechial rash due to thrombocytopenia commonly occur?
Behind the ankle
Is thombocyopenia related to Vit.K deficiency?
No
What are the treatments for thrombocytopenia?
Steroids
Plasma exchange
Spelnectomy
What type of condition is immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)?
Autoimmune
What is immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) associated with?
EBV
HIV
SLE
How is immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) treated?
Steroids
IV IgG
What is the main cause of microvascular thrombosis?
Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
What is Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) associated with?
Sepsis
Malignancies
Pre-eclampsia
(the big 3…)
What is a classic sign of Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)?
Ischemic peripheries
(toes and fingers)
Petechial rashes are obvs one of the most common features of thrombocytopenia, where do they most commonly occur and why?
Ankles -> compression due to socks and pooling of blood
Bra straps -> compression
Bag straps -> compression
What is ITP?
An autoimmune disease
Involves autoantibodies that attack and destroy platlets
What type of cells are affected in ITP?
Platelets
In ITP, would RBC count and WCC be high?
No it would be normal
What is a complication of ITP treatment?
Myeofibrosis
What is ridicously enlarged in myelofibrosis?
The spleen
What is a sign on histology for ITP?
Large megakaryocytes
