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Systems- Haematology > Bleeding & Thrombosis > Flashcards

Bleeding & Thrombosis Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the clotting process

Good luck bro

A

Vessel damage exposes collagen and releases Physiological activator

Platelets adhere to the site of damage

A platelet homeostatic plug forms

Fibrin forms on the clot

Natural anticoagulants keep the clot in the same place

Fibrinolysis breaks the clot down over time

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2
Q

What activator is subsequently released by Physiological activator after vessel damage?

A

Tissue activator

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3
Q

After vessel damage occurs, why do platelets adhere to the site of injury?

A

As collagen is exposed which is sticky

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4
Q

What are the 3 components of clot formation?

A

Coagulation factors
Platelets
Von Willebrand Factor (VWF)

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5
Q

I’m the dotting process, what ensures that the clot stays in the correct place?

A

Natural anticoagulants

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6
Q

What agents eventually break down the fibrin clot?

A

Fibrinolytic

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7
Q

In a normal blood vessel, are clotting factors present?

A

Yes, but they’re inactive bro

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8
Q

What 2 things prevents things from sticking to the endothelium of normal blood vessels?

A

Prostaglandins

Nitrous oxide

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9
Q

What cells to platelets differentiate from?

A

Megakaryocytes

Which differentiate from common myeloid progenitors

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10
Q

What 2 things are present on the surface of platelets?

A

Receptors

Glycoproteins

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11
Q

What is the function of the glycoproteins that are present on the surface of platelets?

A

Allow the platelet to bind once a receptor is activated

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12
Q

What are the 3 different types of receptors found on platelets?

A

Thrombin receptor
ADP receptor
Adrenaline receptor

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13
Q

What is contained within platelets?

A

Granules

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14
Q

What are the 3 functions of a platelets?

AAA

A

Adhering
Activating
Aggregating

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15
Q

What allows platelets to carry out their adhering function?

A

Glycoproteins

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16
Q

What allows platelets to carry out their activating function?

A

ADP
Adrenaline
Cycloxygenase (COX)

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17
Q

What allows platelets to carry out their aggregating function?

A

Arachidonic acid
Scramblase

They both make the platelets extra sticky so platelets can adhere to them

18
Q

What forms arachidonic acid, which is responsible for platelet aggregation, and what is the catalyst?

A

ADP and adrenaline

Catalysed by Cycloxygenase (COX)

19
Q

What regulates the production of platelets?

A

Thrombopoietein

20
Q

Thrombopoietein regulates the production of platelets, which organ produces it?

A

The liver

21
Q

What factor number does Von Willebrand factor (VWF) have a receptor for?

A

8

22
Q

What factor deficiency is the most common bleeding disorder?

A

VWF

23
Q

What are the 6 steps of the coagulation pathway?

A
  1. Tissue factor binds to F7
  2. F7 is activated, forming F7a
  3. F7a binds to F10
  4. F10 is activated, forming F10a
  5. F10a coverages prothrombin into thrombin
  6. Thrombin converts fibrinogen into fibrin
24
Q

What 5 factors are involved in the coagulation pathway?

A

Tissue factor
F7 and F7a
F10 and F10a

25
Q

In the clotting pathway, what factor converters prothrombin into thrombin?

A

F10a

26
Q

If natural anticoagulants are absent, what is the patient at an increased risk of?

A

VTE (PE and DVT)

As blood clots to easily bro and can break off and fly awayyyy

27
Q

What are the 3 main examples of natural anticoagulants?

A

Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor (TFPI)
Proteins C and S
Anti-thrombin

28
Q

What 2 factors does the natural anticoagulant Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor (TFPI) bind to?

A

F7

F10a

29
Q

What 2 factors does the natural anticoagulants Proteins C and S bind to?

A

F5

F8

30
Q

What 2 factors does the natural anticoagulant Anti-thrombin bind to?

A

F10a

Thrombin

31
Q

What type of bleeding involves mucous membranes?

A

Platelet type

32
Q

What are the 2 main types of bleeding?

A

Platelet type

Clotting factor type

33
Q

What type of bleeding involves deep haematomas?

A

Clotting factor type

34
Q

What type of bleeding involves petechial rashes?

A

Platelet type

35
Q

What are some of the causes of platelet type bleeding?

A

Von Willebrands disease

Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)

Haemolytic uremic syndrome

Thrombocytopenia

36
Q

What is a cause of clotting factor type bleeding?

A

Haemophilia

37
Q

When taking a history, what questions do you need to ask about regarding bleeding?

A

History of bleeding
Severity
Bleeding pattern
Previous surgeries

38
Q

What coagulation factors are dependent on Vit. K?

A

2, 7, 9 and 10

39
Q

Apart from it’s adhering, aggregating and activating (3 As) functions, what other function does platelets have?

A

Maintains vascular integrity

40
Q

Do platelets have a role in maintaining vascular integrity

A

Yeah

Systems- Haematology (26 decks)

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