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Systems- Haematology > Lymphoma > Flashcards

Lymphoma Flashcards

1
Q

How is Hodgkin’s lymphoma staged?

A

Ann-abour staging

(via CT-PET)

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2
Q

If a child presents with a burning chest pain, what severe condition must be considered?

A

Hodgkin’s lymphoma

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3
Q

Which part of lymphoid cells does lymphoma affect?

A

Germline centre

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4
Q

What are the 2 different types of lymphoma?

A

Hodgkins

Non-hodgkins

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5
Q

What are the 2 different subtypes of non-hodkgins lymphoma?

A

Low grade

High grade

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6
Q

What is the main type of low grade non-hodgkins lymphoma?

A

Follicular lymphoma

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7
Q

What is the main type of high grade non-hodgkins lymphoma?

A

Diffuse large B-cell lymphpma

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8
Q

What type of lymphpoma is associated with IgM paraproteins?

A

Low-grade non-hodgkins lymphoma

(follicular lymphpma)

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9
Q

What type of lymphoma is the commonest?

A

Non-hodgkins

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10
Q

What type of lymphoma is most comon in children?

A

Hodgkins

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11
Q

What are the clinical featires of lymphoma?

A

Painless lymphadenopathy

B-symtpoms

Hepatosplenomeagly

Bone marrow failure

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12
Q

Which extra-nodal disease is most commonly associated with hodgkins and non-hodgkins lymphoma?

A

Hodgkins -> lung disease

Non-hodgkins -> GI disease

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13
Q

What lymph nodes does non-hodkins lymphoma mainly affect?

A

Those of the upper airway

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14
Q

Which sex is most at risk of hodgkins lymphoma?

A

Men

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15
Q

What are the investigations for lymphoma?

A

Lympho node core biopsy

Trephine biopsy

Bone marrow aspirate

PET-CT

Immunophenotyping

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16
Q

What is the 1st line investigation for lymphpma, and how is it done?

A

Lymph node core biopsy

Done via -> Trephine biopsy

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17
Q

What cells do you look for on a histology of a sample from a lymph node core biopsy to diagnose hodgkins lymphoma?

A

Reed- Stelenberg cells

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18
Q

Screening for which gene is a good prognostic indicator for lymphoma and other cancers?

A

p53 gene screening

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19
Q

What are the B-symptoms that are present in lymphoma?

A

Weight loss (>10% of TBW)

Fever

Drenching night sweats

Puritis

Fatigue

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20
Q

How does Ann-Arbour staging work?

A

Stage number followed by an A (no B-symptoms) or B (with B-symptoms)

Stage 1: LN in one area affected

Stage 2: >2 areas of LNs above or below the diaphragm affectd

Stage 3: >2 areas of LN above & below the diaphragm affeectd

Stage 4: Everywhere is buggered and extra-nodal disease

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21
Q

How is lymphoma treated?

A

Combo of chemo and monoclonal antibodies

Bone marrow transplant

Immunotherapy

Radiotherapy

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22
Q

What is the main treatment for lymphoma?

A

Combo of chemo and monoclonal antibodies

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23
Q

What antibodies are associated with hodgkins and non-hodgkins lymphoma?

A

Hodgkins -> CD-20

Non hodgkins -> CD-30

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24
Q

Is surgical resection and appropriate treatment for lymphoma?

A

Absolutley not

25
Q

If you get hodgkins lymphoma once, will you get it again?

A

Yeah, it peaks again later in life

26
Q

What 3 things do you test for to determine the prognosis of lymphoma?

A

p53 gene

LDL

R-IPI

27
Q

In lymphoma, what is R-IPI?

A

Prognosis index

28
Q

What type of lymphadenopathy does lymphoma cause?

A

Painless generalised lymphadenopathy

29
Q

What is one of the main presenting features of hodgkins lymphoma?

A

Burning chest pain

30
Q

What is the difference between hodgkins and non-hodgkins lymphoma regarding age?

A

Non-H -> Old

H -> Young

31
Q

What is the difference between hodgkins and non-hodgkins lymphoma regarding how commonlly B-symptoms occur?

A

Non-H -> Less common

H -> Common

32
Q

What is the difference between hodgkins and non-hodgkins lymphoma regarding the Ann-Arbour stage at which it often presents as?

A

Non-H -> Late (3 or 4)

H -> Early (1 or 2)

33
Q

What is the difference between hodgkins and non-hodgkins lymphoma regarding which extra-nodal disease it’s associated with?

(obvs they’re both associated with bone marrow disease)

A

Non-H -> GI disease

H -> Lung disease

34
Q

What is the difference between hodgkins and non-hodgkins lymphoma regarding where is commolny spreads?

A

Non-H -> Remote LN groups

H -> Nearby LN groups (neck & axilla)

35
Q

What is the difference between hodgkins and non-hodgkins lymphoma regarding what are the findings on a lymph node biopsy?

A

Non-H -> follicle-like cells

H -> Reed stelenberg cells

36
Q

Which group of LNs are both types of lymphoma associated with?

A

Para-aortic

37
Q
A
38
Q

When is an autologous stem cell transplant used for lymphoma?

A

When the patient is young

39
Q

What is a potential curative treatment for Hodgkins lymphoma when the patient is young?

A

Autologous stem cell transplant

40
Q

What is the difference between high-grade and low-grade non-hodgkins lymphoma regarding the speed of growth?

A

High -> rapid (aggresive yall)

Low -> slow (indolent)

41
Q

What is the difference between high-grade and low-grade non-hodgkins lymphoma regarding if it’s curable?

A

High -> Yes

Low -> No

(kinda the opposite to what you think)

42
Q

What is the difference between high-grade and low-grade non-hodgkins lymphoma regarding if treatment is needed at the time of diagnosis?

A

High -> Yes

Low -> No

43
Q

What is the difference between high-grade and low-grade non-hodgkins lymphoma regarding the size of the cells on histology?

A

High -> Big

Low -> Small

44
Q

What is the difference between high-grade and low-grade non-hodgkins lymphoma regarding how the cells look on histology?

A

High -> Abnormal

Low -> Normal

45
Q

What is the difference between high-grade and low-grade non-hodgkins lymphoma regarding if it’s associated with IgM paraproteins?

A

High -> No

Low -> Yes

46
Q

What is the difference between high-grade and low-grade non-hodgkins lymphoma regarding

A
47
Q

What is the difference between high-grade and low-grade non-hodgkins lymphoma regarding

A
48
Q

What virus can cause post-transplant lymphoma?

A

EBV

49
Q

Why is PET is good for looking at lymphoma?

A

As PET picks up areas of high metabolic activity, which is obvs what occurs in lymphoma

50
Q

What heart scan should be done prior to kicking off chemotherapy, and why?

A

MUGA

As chemo can cause cardiomyopathy

51
Q

A MUGA scan should be done prior to kicking off chemotherapy, what does it look at?

A

The heart’s ejection fraction

52
Q

What are scoring systems used for:

A: DLBCL

B: Follicular lymphoma

A

A: D-IPI

B: FLIPI

53
Q

High-grade lymphoma can increase the risk of CNS damage, what is given to prevent this?

A

Methotrexate

54
Q

What is the most common type of chemo used in NHL lymphoma, and how many courses of it do you usually give?

A

R-CHOP

Give 6 courses

55
Q

Would you use chemo or radiotherapy for:

A- Wide-spread lymphoma

B- localised lymphoma

A

A- chemo

B- radiotherapy

56
Q

Why can you get lower leg ischemia in lymphoma?

A

As the swollen LNs can compress the arteries/veins

57
Q

What can follicular lymphoma progress to?

A

DLBCL

58
Q

What does DLBCL stand for?

A

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

59
Q
A

Systems- Haematology (26 decks)

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