Thrombocytopenia Flashcards
Hemostasis
the stopping of a flow of blood.
Involves the vascular, endothelium, platelets, and coagulation factors which normally function together to stop hemorrhage and repair vascular injury
von Willebrand disease
a blood disorder in which the blood does not clot properly due to the von willebrand protein not working or has a low level of them
Thrombocytopenia
- low platelet count
- thrombocyte = platlet
- platelets below 150,000/μL (150 × 109/L),
Hemophilia
- an inherited bleeding disorder in which the blood does not clot properly. This can lead to spontaneous bleeding as well as bleeding following injuries or surger
- impairs the body’s ability to make blood clots
Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
- is a condition in which small blood clots develop throughout the bloodstream, blocking small blood vessels.
- involves abnormal, excessive generation of thrombin and fibrin in the circulating blood.
An abnormal response of the normal clotting cascade stimulated by a disease process or disorder.
NOT A DISEASE – but the underlying problem must be treated.
is a rare but serious condition that causes abnormal blood clotting throughout the body’s blood vessels. It is caused by another disease or condition, such as an infection or injury, that makes the body’s normal blood clotting process become overactive.
immune or idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP),,
- abnormal destruction of circulating platelets
- In ITP, platelets are coated with antibodies. Although these platelets function normally, when they reach the spleen the antibody-coated platelets are recognized as foreign and are destroyed by macrophages. Platelets normally survive 8-10 days, but in ITP survival is shortened.
thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)
- a rare disorder that causes blood clots (thrombi) to form in small blood vessels throughout the body.
- caused by the deficiency of a plasma enzyme (ADAMTS13) that breaks the von Willebrand (vWF) clotting factor into normal size.
heparin-Induced thrombocytopenia (HIT).
- life-threatening condition and should be suspected if the platelet count falls by more than 50% from baseline
- heparin antibody bind to and activate platelets –>hypercoaguability
- occurs when heparin dependent IgG antibodies bind to heparin/platelet factor 4 complexes to activate platelets and produce a hypercoagulable state
Note: Hypercoagulability can be defined as the tendency to have thrombosis
ecchymosis
- often used interchangeably with bruising
- a discoloration of the skin resulting from bleeding underneath, typically caused by bruising.
Purpura/ petechiae
- pinpoint, round spots that appear on the skin as a result of bleeding.
- Small red pinpoints under the skin caused by RBC leaking out
- Lots of them is refered to as Purpura is the name given to the discolouration of the skin or mucous membranes due to haemorrhage from small blood vessels
Neutropenia
occurs when you have too few neutrophils
Not a disease but a clinical consequence that occurs with other conditions or diseases
Leukopenia
Overall reduction in WBC’s increasing risk for infection:
Granulocytes
Monocytes
Lymphocytes
Granulocytopenia
Overall reduction in three types of granulocytes
BEN
Basophils
Eosinophils
Neutrophils
Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)
Group of related hematological disorders that are characterized by change in quanity and quality of these bone marrow elements
- highest prevalence is in individuals over the age of 80 – but it can happen in all age groups
- a change in the quantity and quality of bone marrow elements
- individuals who have received radiation or chemotherapy or who have been exposed to industrial solvents are at a higher risk for developing MDS
- manifests as bleeding and infection
- often discovered in the older adult during investigation of anemia
- diagnosis is done by a bone marrow aspirate analysis
