Resp Pharmacology Flashcards
Metered dose inhalers (MDI)
use of a propellant to deliver a measured dose of drugs to the lungs during a breath.
Nebulizers
produce a fine mist to be inhaled by mask or a handheld device.
Dry powder inhaler (DPI)
delivers a fine powder
Beta-adrenergicagonists and anticholinergics
Dilate bronchi
Mucolytics
Loosen mucus
Expectorants
Produce thinner mucus
Glucocorticoids
Suppress inflammation
• inhaled = long term retention/management
• oral = short term management
Mast cell stabilizers
- Inhibit histamine release from mast cells
- used clinically to prevent allergic reactions to common allergens.
- anti-inflammatory drugs used to alleviate asthma and several allergic conditions
Antitussives
Suppress cough
- relieving cough due to colds
- dampen cough reflex
- Good for dry hacking non productive coughs
Salbutamol (Ventolin)
Salbutamol (Ventolin) is a rapidly acting bronchodilator and is the first line medication in rescue inhalers that reverses airway narrowing in acute asthma attacks
Beta2-adrenergic agonist that causes dilation of the bronchioles.
Salmeterol (Serevent)
Acts by selectively binding to beta2 - adrenergic receptors in bronchial muscle to cause bronchodilations.
When taken 30 to 60 minutes prior to physical activity – helps to prevent exercise induced bronchospasm.
Asthma maintenace therapy drug because of long effect
Takes 15 to 25 minute to act so not good for acute symptoms.
Half life of 3 – 4 hours
Methylxanthines and anticholinergics
An older alternative to beta agonist for the treatment of asthma.
Side effects include nausea and vomiting, and CNS stimulation and dysrythmias.
reduce airway tone and improve expiratory flow limitation, primarily by blocking parasympathetic activity
Atrovent (ipotropium)
- Anticholinergic
- causes bronchodilation
- given via inhalation
Beclomethasone (QVAR)
reduces inflammation
Side Effects: hoarseness, long term is candidiasis
Leukotriene Modifiers
- reduce inflammation and ease bronchoconstriction.
* modify the action of leuotrienes
