Pneumonia

Question 1

Pneumonia

Answer 1

an acute infection of the lung parenchyma
infection that inflames your lungs’ air sacs (alveoli)

The air sacs may fill up with fluid or pus, causing symptoms such as a cough, fever, chills and trouble breathing

eighth leading cause of death in the United States

Question 2

Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP)

Answer 2

• can be viral, bacterial or fungal.
• in patients who have not been in the hospital or long-term care facility within 14 days of onset.
• Risk factors – COPD, smoking, aspiration, recent use of antibiotics
• Onset is in the community or during first 2 days of hospitalization.

Question 3

Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia (HAP)

Answer 3

• develops at least 48 hours after admission .
• Rick factors – poor mouth care, aspiration, intubation, contaminated equipment, debilitation, immunosuppressive therapy
• Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is acquired when a patient is on the ventilator for more than 48 hours.

Question 4

Health Care-Associated Pneumonia (HCAP)

Answer 4

• caught in another health care setting apart from a hospital such as a nursing home, primary care office, urgent care clinic, or dialysis center.

Question 5

Aspiration pneumonia

Answer 5

• Aspiration pneumonia
• usually with decreased consciousness (seizure, anesthesia, head injury, stroke substance abuse, tube feeds)
• Gag and cough reflex is suppressed
• 3 forms of aspirate pneumonia – chemical, mechanical, bacterial

Question 6

Opportunistic pneumonia

Answer 6

• patients have increased susceptibility to infections that often involve the lung
• usually with immune compromised immune system, with organisms that don’t usually cause a problem in healthy individuals)
• Bacterial and viral causative agents
• Pneumocystis jiroveci (PCP) – rarely causes pneumonia in healthy individuals but common in people with HIV
• Cytomegalovirus ( a cause of viral pneumonia in the immune compromised client, particularly in transplant recipients.