Peripheral artery disease (PAD)

Question 1

Peripheral artery disease (PAD)

Answer 1

• involves thickening of artery walls

* results in a progressive narrowing of the arteries of the upper and lower extremities

Question 2

atherosclerosis

Answer 2

• a gradual thickening/hardening of the intima (the innermost layer of the arterial wall) and media (middle layer of the arterial wall).
• results from the deposit of cholesterol and lipids within the vessel walls and leads to progressive narrowing of the artery.

Question 3

intermittent claudication

Answer 3

• cramplike pains in the calves caused by poor circulation of the blood to the leg muscles.
• pain you feel when your leg muscles don’t get enough blood while you exercise

Question 4

Critical limb ischemia (CLI)

Answer 4

a severe blockage in the arteries of the lower extremities, which markedly reduces blood-flow

Note: Ischemia is a condition in which the blood flow (and thus oxygen) is restricted or reduced in a part of the body.

Question 5

Raynaud’s phenomenon

Answer 5

aproblem that causes decreased blood flow to the fingers

Question 6

Aneurysm

Answer 6

Loss of elasticity of media layer of arterial wall causing thinning and bulging of aortic wall

Question 7

Aortic Dissection

Answer 7

Tear in intimal layer of arterial wall allows bleeding into the media layer and a pool or bulge of blood results

Leads to compression & occlusion of surrounding vessels and/or rupture

Question 8

Acute Arterial Ischemia

Answer 8

• a sudden interruption in the arterial blood supply to a tissue, organ, or extremity
• if left untreated, can result in tissue death.
• caused by embolism, thrombosis of a pre-existing atherosclerotic artery, or trauma
• sudden loss of limb perfusion for up to 2 weeks after an inciting event

Question 9

thrombus

Answer 9

a blood clot that forms in a vessel and remains there

Question 10

Arterial Leg Ulcers

Answer 10

also referred to as ischemic ulcers, are caused by poor perfusion (delivery of nutrient-rich blood) to the lower extremities.

Typically toes, heels, bony prominences of the foot
“Punched out” well demarcated edges
Complication as a result in changes in circulation

Question 11

Phlebitis

Answer 11

imflamation of vein

Question 12

Venous thrombosis

Answer 12

blockage of a vein caused by a thrombus (blood clot).

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT, also called venous thrombosis) is a blood clot that develops in a vein deep in the body

involves the formation of a thrombus (blood clot) in association with inflammation of the vein.
• represents the spectrum of pathology from deep/superficial vein thrombosis (DVT) to pulmonary embolism (PE),

Question 13

Varicose veins

Answer 13

• twisting veins caused by increased pressure.
• veins become enlarged, dilated, and overfilled with blood
• superficial veins that have dilated due to a weakness in the veins walls or from an injury to the vein.

Question 14

Chronic venous insufficiency

Answer 14

occurs when your leg veins don’t allow blood to flow back up to your heart. When valves don’t work well, blood can also flow backwards. This can cause blood to collect (pool) in your legs.
• can lead to venous leg ulcers

Question 15

venous leg ulcers

Answer 15

• also know as stasis ulcer
• From chronic venous insufficiency
• Often accompanied by stasis dermatitis & pruritus (itchy skin/skin irritatoin)
• Partial thickness
• Painful
• Extensive drainage
• Can lead to infection, cellulitis
• normally on ankle or between ankle/knee

Question 16

Virchow’s Triad

Answer 16

1) Hypercoagulability of blood
2) Damage to endothelium
3) Venous Stasis

Note: Hypercoagulability can be defined as the tendency to have thrombosis as a result of certain inherited and/or acquired molecular defects

Question 17

Venous stasis

Answer 17

values or leg muscles aren’t working properly to move the blood back to heart.
• Chronic condition that causes imflammation ulcers and itchy skin to lower legs
• As fluid/pressure builds up, some of the fluid leaks out
• occurs when the valves are dysfunctional or the muscles of the extremities are inactive.

Question 18

Venus statis

Answer 18

values or leg muscles aren’t working properly to move the blood back to heart.
• Chronic condition that causes imflammation ulcers and itchy skin to lower legs
• As fluid/pressure builds up, some of the fluid leaks out

Question 19

Superficial Vein Thrombosis

Answer 19

is inflammation and clotting in a superficial vein,

Question 20

DVT – Deep vein thrombosis

Answer 20

is a medical condition that occurs when a blood clot forms in a deep vein.

Question 21

PE - Pulmonary Embolism

Answer 21

• a blood clot that develops in a blood vessel in the body (often in the leg). It then travels to a lung artery where it suddenly blocks blood flow.
• an embolus that lodges in the pulmonary circulation.

Question 22

Anticoagulants

Answer 22

commonly called blood thinners –but they don’t thin the blood”
used to treat DVT or PE
preventing the clot from becoming larger while the body slowly reabsorbs it,
reducing the risk of further clots developing.

Question 23

Thrombus

Answer 23

blood clot

Question 24

embolus

Answer 24

anything that moves through the blood vessels until it reaches a vessel that is too small to let it pass