anemia Flashcards
Anemia
- a deficiency in the number of red blood cells (RBCs) or erythrocytes.
- a condition in which you lack enough healthy red blood cells to carry adequate oxygen to your body’s tissues.
- Not a specific disease
- Manifestation of a pathologic processes
Anisocytosis
RBC that aren’t all the same size
Aniso-: Unequal, unlike, or dissimilar.
cytosis: relating to cells
Erythropoietin
a glycoprotein primarily produced in the kidneys. stimulates red blood cell production.
Erythropoisis
RBC production
Iron-Deficiency Anemia
- The main goal is to treat the underlying cause of reduced iron intake (e.g., malnutrition, alcoholism) or absorption of iron. Efforts are directed toward replacing iron.
- If the iron deficiency is from acute blood loss, transfusion of packed RBCs may be required.
Thalassemia
- an inherited blood disorder that causes your body to have less hemoglobin than normal
- is a group of diseases involving inadequate production of normal hemoglobin,
- therefore, decreased erythrocyte production.
- 2 kinds: major and minor
Aplastic Anemia
- decrease of all blood cell types
* occurs when your bone marrow doesn’t make enough red and white blood cells, and platelets.
Folic Acid Deficiency Anemia
- the lack of folic acid in the blood. Folic acid is a B vitamin that helps your body make red blood cells.
- is treated by replacement therapy with the usual oral dosage of 1 mg/day.
Vitamin B12 Deficiency Anemia
- condition in which your body does not have enough healthy red blood cells, due to a lack (deficiency) of vitamin B12.
- Vitamin B12 is needed to form red blood cells
- The most common cause of vitamin B12 deficiency is an absence of intrinsic factor (IF), but any gastrointestinal surgery or insult may result in loss of IF-secreting mucosal cells or impaired absorption of cobalamin (Vitamin B12).
- A B12 deficiency can cause a diminished sensation to heat and pain,
- need the injections for life
Megaloblastic Anemias
• condition in which the bone marrow produces unusually large, structurally abnormal, immature red blood cells
• Characterized by the presence of large, dysfunctional RBCs (megaloblasts)
• Majority result from deficiency in
- Cobalamin (vitamin B12)
- Folic acid
Hemolytic anemia
are due to an increase in the destruction of red blood cells resulting in a lower red blood cell count.
• A condition caused by the destruction or hemolysis of RBCs at a rate that exceeds production
Ex: Sickle cell disease & Acquired Hemolytic Anemia
Acute anemia
- occurs when there is an abrupt drop in RBCs, most often by hemolysis or acute hemorrhage
- due to acute blood loss related to trauma or rupture of a blood vessel, not to an increase in the destruction of red blood cells.
Pernicious Anemia
- a type of vitamin B12 anemia.
- Gastric mucosa does not produce intrinsic factor (IF) so that B12 cannot be absorbed from food
Anemia caused by Blood Loss``
Acute or chronic blood loss
Trauma
Complications of surgery
Disruption vascular integrity
Sudden hemerage is normally causwd. Tr4eated with blood transfusion
Can be caused by menstrat, hemmeroids, post menopausal blood loss. A chronic loss of blood.
Sickle cell disease
- Odd shaped (sickling) RBC that causes clumping.
- there aren’t enough healthy red blood cells to carry oxygen throughout your bod
- a group of inherited, autosomal recessive disorder (nclude sickle cell anemia, sickle cell-thalassemia, sickle cell Hgb C disease, and sickle cell trait.)
- Sickle cells break apart easily and die, leaving you with too few red blood cells. Red blood cells usually live for about 120 days before they need to be replaced. But sickle cells usually die in 10 to 20 days, leaving a shortage of red blood cells (anemia).
