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Head and neck AM > Throat anatomy and physiology > Flashcards

Throat anatomy and physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Wha are the 2 parts of the mouth cavity?

A

Oral vestibule

Oral cavity proper

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2
Q

What are the boundaries of the oral cavity?

A

Lips to palatoglossal arch
Palate to floor of mouth
Buccal mucosa

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3
Q

What does the parotid duct pierce?

A

Buccinator

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4
Q

Where does the parotid duct open into?

A

Opposite maxillary 2nd molar on inner surface of cheek

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5
Q

Where does the submandibular duct lie?

A

Superior to digastric muscle

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6
Q

How is the submandibular duct divided?

A

Into suberficial and deep lobes which are separated by mylohyoid muscle

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7
Q

What is the lingual nerve a branch of?

A

Mandibular division of trigeminal nerve

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8
Q

Whatdoes the lingual nerve supply?

A

General somatic afferent innervation from anterior 2/3 of tongue

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9
Q

What does the lingual nerve carry and what is the function of this?

A

Nerve fibres of the chorda tympani branch of the facial nerve
Provides taste to anterior 2/3 of tongue

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10
Q

What are the functions of the oral cavity?

A 
Taste
Mastication
Speech
Digestion
Swallowing
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11
Q

What are the 2 parts of the tongue?

A

Anterior 2/3

Posterior 1/3

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12
Q

What is the anterior 2/3 of the tongue innervated by?

A

Lingual nerve fron CN V

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13
Q

What gives taste innervation to the anterior 2/3 of tongue?

A

Chorda tympani

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14
Q

What gives the blood supply to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

A

1st brachial arch

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15
Q

What gives the posterior 1/3 of the tongue its blood supply?

A

3rd brachial arch

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16
Q

What gives the posterior 1/3 tongue its nerve supply?

A

CN IX

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17
Q

What are the 4 forms of papillae on the tongue?

A

Filliform
Fungiform
Folliate
Circumvallate

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18
Q

What are the 2 types of muscle in the tongue?

A

Intrinsic

Extrinsic

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19
Q

What is the function of intrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A

Alter shape

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20
Q

What is the function of extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A

Alter position

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21
Q

What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A

Genioglossus
Styloglossus
Hypoglossus
Palatoglossus

22
Q

What is the motor innervation of the tongue?

A

Hypoglossal supplies all except for palatoglossus- pharyngeal plexus

23
Q

What are the functions of the tongue?

A

Taste
Mastication
Swallowing
Speech

24
Q

What are the 4 muscles of mastication?

A

Lateral pterygoid
Medial pterygoid
Tempralis
Masseter

25
Q

What is the nerve supply of mastication?

A

Mandibular nerve

26
Q

What are the boundaries of the oropharynx?

A

Lower border of soft palate to upper margin of epiglottis
Palatoglossal arch to posterior pharyngeal wall
Faucial pillars and palatine tonsils

27
Q

Wha is the epithelium of the oropharynx?

A

Stratified squamous non keratinised epithelium

28
Q

What is the nerve supply of the oropharynx?

A

Pharyngeal plexus

29
Q

What are the boundaries of the hypopharynx?

A

Superior margin of epiglottis to lower border of cricoid cartilage
Continuous with oesophagus
Back of larynx

30
Q

What is the hypopharynx divided into?

A

Pyriform sinus
Post cricoid area
Posterior pharyngeal wall

31
Q

What is the blood supply of the hypopharynx?

A

Superior thyroid
Lingual artery
Ascending pharyngeal artery

32
Q

What is the nerve supply of the hypopharynx?

A

Pharyngeal plexus

33
Q

What are the phases of swallowing?

A

Oral
Pharyngeal
Oesophageal

34
Q

What happens in the oral phase of swallowing?

A

Tongue propels bolus towards pharynx, triggering the swallowing reflex

35
Q

What is the afferent nerve control of the swallowing reflex?

A

CN V, IX, X

36
Q

What is the efferent nerve control of the swallowing reflex?

A

CN VII, X, XII

37
Q

What happens in the pharyngeal phase of swallowing?

A

Soft palate pulled upwards
Epiglottis covers larynx, vocal cord approximate and larynx moves upwards
UOS relaxes
Respiration reflex inhibited

38
Q

What happens in the oesophageal phase of swallowing?

A

UOS contracts

Bolus propelled downwards via peristalsis

39
Q

What is the nerve supply of the oesophageal phase of swallowing?

A

Reflex via myenteric plexus

40
Q

What are the functions of the larynx?

A

Part of res tract
Voice
Swallowing

41
Q

What are the 3 parts of the larynx?

A

Supraglottis
Glottis
Subglottic

42
Q

What are the 7 cartilage segments of the larynx?

A

Cricoid
Thyroid
Epiglottis
Corniculate and cuneiform paired cartilages

43
Q

What is the structure of the supra glottis?

A

Extends from superior tip of epiglottis to floor of ventricular fold

44
Q

What is the structure of the glottis?

A

Begins at true vocal fold and extends to horizontal plane 5mm inferior to vocal cord

45
Q

What is the structure of the sub glottis?

A

Begins 5mm below free edge of truth vocal cord and proceeds to inferior border of cricoid cartilage

46
Q

What are the 3 types of extrinsic muscle of the larynx?

A

Infrahyoid
Suprahyoid
Thyrohyoid

47
Q

What is the function of extrinsic muscles of the larynx?

A

Move entire laryngeal complex

48
Q

What is the function of intrinsic muscles of the larynx?

A

Regulate movement of the vocal cords

49
Q

What is he motor innervation of the larynx?

A

CN X- recurrent laryngeal nerve, except for cricothyroid muscle which is innervated by external laryngeal nerve

50
Q

What is the sensory innervation of the supraglottic region of the larynx?

A

Internal laryngeal nerve

51
Q

What is the sensory innervation of the glottic and subglottilc regions of the larynx?

A

Recurrent laryngeal

52
Q

What are the 4 parts of speech?

A

Respiration
Phonation
Resonation
Articulation

Head and neck AM (13 decks)

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