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Head and neck AM > Physiology and clinical aspects of hearing and balance > Flashcards

Physiology and clinical aspects of hearing and balance Flashcards

1
Q

What does the middle ear do in hearing?

A

Transforms acoustic energy from the medium of air to the medium of fluid
Acts as a sound amplifier

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2
Q

What is the ratio of tympanic membrane to stapes footplate?

A

17:1

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3
Q

What are the possible pathologies of the middle ear?

A

Effusion
Perforation
Eroded incus
Otosclerosis

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4
Q

What is otosclerosis?

A

Boe deposition in the ligament around the oval window preventing movement

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5
Q

What are the 2 parts of the inner ear?

A

Bony labyrinth

Membranous labyrinth

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6
Q

What is the function of the inner ear in hearing?

A

Perception of sound and frequency

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7
Q

How is frequency perceived?

A

Part of basilomembrane that vibrates the most

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8
Q

What makes frequency detected lower?

A

The deeper into the ear the basilomembrane vibrates

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9
Q

How can hearing be assessed?

A

Tuning fork tests
Audiometry
Objective testing

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10
Q

What are the 2 types of tuning fork tests?

A

Weber

Rinne

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11
Q

What does the Weber test do?

A

Test of lateralisation

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12
Q

What does the Rinne test do?

A

Test of bone conduction compared to air conduction

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13
Q

Wha are the types of audiometry?

A

Pure tone
Visual reinforcement
Play
Tympanometry

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14
Q

What does pure tone audiometry test?

A

Determines the finest tones a person can hear at selected frequencies

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15
Q

What does tympanometry test?

A

Motility of eardrum

Assists in detection of fluid in middle ear, perforation of eardrum or wax blocking ear canal

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16
Q

How is objective testing carried out?

A

Cochlea stimulated, causing vibrations that can be measured in the middle ear

17
Q

How is hearing loss managed?

A

Surgery
Sound amplification
Direct stimuli of cochlear nerve cells
Intracochlear modification

18
Q

What are the 3 inputs in balance?

A

Visual
Vestibular
Proprioceptive

19
Q

What does vestibular input to balance use?

A

Rotation

Gravity

20
Q

What does proprioceptive input to balance use?

A

Pressure

21
Q

What does the vestibule contain?

A

Urticle and saccule

22
Q

What does the measure?

A

Lateral acceleration

23
Q

What does the saccule measure?

A

Vertical acceleration

24
Q

What do the anterior and posterior semicircular canals measure?

A

angular accelerator detectors

25
Q

How do the semi circular canals help with balance?

A

As you turn, fluid moves in canal in opposite direction to canal

26
Q

What are the conditions of the inner ear affecting balance?

A

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
Vestibular neuritis
Meniere’s disease

27
Q

What are th clinical conditions affecting balance?

A

Migraine

Head and neck AM (13 decks)

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