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Head and neck AM > Anatomy and physiology of hearing > Flashcards

Anatomy and physiology of hearing Flashcards

1
Q

What is the pinna?

A

The visible part of the ear

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2
Q

What is the epithelium of the pinna?

A

Stratified keratinised squamous

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3
Q

What is the pinna not good at?

A

Sound localisation

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4
Q

What is the lateral 2/3 of the external ear made of?

A

Skin, containing ceruminous and sebaceous glands and hairs, and cartilage

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5
Q

What is the medial 1/3 of the external ear made of?

A

Skin and bone

No hairs of cilia

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6
Q

What happens to the skin on the external ear?

A

IS constantly being shed in the lateral 1/3 of the canal and trapped in wax as part of the cleaning mechanism

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7
Q

How many layers does the tympanic membrane have?

A

3

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8
Q

What is the outer layer of the tympanic membrane?

A

Skin continuous with the external auditory canal

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9
Q

What is the middle ayer of the tympanic membrane?

A

Fibrous layer

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10
Q

What is the inner layer of the tympanic membrane?

A

Resp epithelium- ciliated columnar with goblet cells

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11
Q

What is the size of the tympanic membrane?

A

1cm diameter and 1/10th mm thick

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12
Q

What is the tympanic membrane the division between?

A

External and middle ear

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13
Q

What is the function of the ossicles?

A

Conduct sound waves from tympanic membrane to inner ear

Play a very important role in sound conduction

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14
Q

What can cause disruption of the ossicles?

A

Trauma

Bony sclerosis- otosclerosis

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15
Q

What is the middle ear lines with

A

Respiratory epithelium

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16
Q

What does the middle ear connect with?

A

Mastoid system

Nasopharynx

17
Q

How does the middle ear connect with the mastoid system?

A

Via audits

18
Q

How does the middle ear connect with the nasopharynx?

A

Via Eustachian tube

19
Q

What does the middle ear contain?

A

Facial nerve CN VII

20
Q

What are the 6 segments of the facial nerve?

A 
Intracranial
Meatal
Labyrinthine
Tympanic
Mastoid
Extratemporal
21
Q

Where is the metal segment of the facial nerve?

A

Internal auditory meatus

22
Q

Where is the tympanic segment of the facial nerve?

A

Runs through fallopian tube

23
Q

What does the facial nerve supply?

A

Muscles of facial expression

Taste to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue via chord tympani

24
Q

What are the most important relations of the middle ear?

A

Middle cranial fossa
Internal carotid
Sigmoid sinus and internal jugular

25
Q

What is the internal ear?

A

Bony and membranous laryrinth

26
Q

What does the membranous labyrinth contain?

A

Fluid- perilymph and endolymph

27
Q

What is the cochlea?

A

Spiral shaped cavity in the bony labyrinth

28
Q

What is contained in the peripheral vestibular apparatus?

A

Itricle
Saccule
Semicircular canals

29
Q

What is the function of the middle ear?

A

Transduce vibration into nervous impulses

30
Q

How is hearing transduced?

A

Foot of stapes vibrates in oval window, causing pressure wave through fluid in cochlea detected by hair cells in the organ of corti
This is transmitted to brainstem via CN VIII

31
Q

What parts of the ear are involve in balance?

A

Semicircular canal

32
Q

What is the vestibule-ocular reflex?

A

What makes ou able to fix your eyes on an object even when your head is moving

33
Q

What does the saccule do?

A

Detects linear acceleration in the vertical plane

34
Q

What does the utricle do?

A

Detects linear acceleration in the horizontal plane

35
Q

What provides sensation to the middle ear?

A

Tympanic branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve

36
Q

What provides sensation to the posterior half of the external auditory canal?

A

Auricular branch of the vagus nerve

37
Q

What provides sensation to the anterior half of the external auditory canal?

A

Facial nerve

38
Q

What gives sensation to the pinna?

A

Mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve

Head and neck AM (13 decks)

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