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Head and neck AM > Maxfax > Flashcards

Maxfax Flashcards

1
Q

What are the most common causes of trauma to the face?

A 
Assault
Road traffic accident
Sports
Falls
Industrial
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2
Q

How are facial fractures assessed and immediately managed?

A

ATLS principles

DR ABC

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3
Q

What are the subtypes of trauma injury?

A

Bone
Soft tissue
Combination

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4
Q

What are the regions of the mandible?

A 
Condyle
Coronoid
Ramus
Angle
Body
Dentoalveolar segment
Symphysis and parasymphysis
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5
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of a mandibular fracture?

A 
Pain on biting/swallowing
Teeth don't meet properly
Numb lip
Swelling/tenderness
Haematoma
Step deformity
Gingival face laceration
Deranged occlusion
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6
Q

What investigations should be carried out for a syspected mandibular fracture?

A

xray

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7
Q

What is the treatment for a mandibular fracture?

A

Osteosynthesis

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8
Q

What is the presentation of a maxillary fracture?

A

Panda eyes
Swelling
Open bite

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9
Q

What is the classification of maxillary fractures?

A

Le Fort

1,2 or 3

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10
Q

What can maxillary fractures cause?

A

Massive bleed due to disruption of maxillary artery and its branches

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11
Q

What is the most common cause of zygoma fractures?

A

Assault trauma

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12
Q

What does a zygomatic fracture present with?

A

A lot of pain and swelling

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13
Q

What investigations are carried out for a zygomatic fracture?

A

xray

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14
Q

What can a zygomatic fracture involve?

A

Lateral orbit
Zygomatic arch
Maxilla
Orbital floor

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15
Q

When do orbital fractures take place?

A

In high energy trauma cases

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16
Q

How are naso-orbito-ethmoidal fractures treated?

A

Quick reconstruction

17
Q

What is a pakfacial injury?

A

Massive soft and hard tissue disruption caused by high energy trauma

18
Q

What rules are followed in reconstructive surgery?

A

Rule of vertical 3rds

Rule of horizontal 5ths

19
Q

What is the 5 year survival for oral malignancy?

A

Stage 1= 90%
Stage 2= 76%
Stage 3= 44%
Stage 4= 20%

20
Q

What are the causes of failure of oral malignancy treatment?

A

Failed loco regional control
Distant metastases
Secondary primaries
Death from other diseases

21
Q

What are the worrying signs that may indicate oral malignancy?

A 
Area of redness
Speckled white/red lesion
Indurated area of ulceration
Area of ulceration present for >3 weeks
New area of melanin pigmentation
22
Q

What is a white patch in oral malignancy?

A

Leukoplakia

23
Q

What is a red patch in oral malignancy?

A

Erythroplakia

24
Q

How is oral malignancy managed?

A

Surgery- resection and reconstruction
Radiotherapy
Chemotherapy

25
Q

How is untreatable oral cancer palliated?

A

Best supportive care

Radiotherapy

26
Q

What is a complication of metastatic skin cancer?

A

May have to excise bone

27
Q

What is a complication of maxillary cancer?

A

Can spread to infra temporal fossa

Head and neck AM (13 decks)

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