Maxfax Flashcards
What are the most common causes of trauma to the face?
Assault Road traffic accident Sports Falls Industrial
How are facial fractures assessed and immediately managed?
ATLS principles
DR ABC
What are the subtypes of trauma injury?
Bone
Soft tissue
Combination
What are the regions of the mandible?
Condyle Coronoid Ramus Angle Body Dentoalveolar segment Symphysis and parasymphysis
What are the signs and symptoms of a mandibular fracture?
Pain on biting/swallowing Teeth don't meet properly Numb lip Swelling/tenderness Haematoma Step deformity Gingival face laceration Deranged occlusion
What investigations should be carried out for a syspected mandibular fracture?
xray
What is the treatment for a mandibular fracture?
Osteosynthesis
What is the presentation of a maxillary fracture?
Panda eyes
Swelling
Open bite
What is the classification of maxillary fractures?
Le Fort
1,2 or 3
What can maxillary fractures cause?
Massive bleed due to disruption of maxillary artery and its branches
What is the most common cause of zygoma fractures?
Assault trauma
What does a zygomatic fracture present with?
A lot of pain and swelling
What investigations are carried out for a zygomatic fracture?
xray
What can a zygomatic fracture involve?
Lateral orbit
Zygomatic arch
Maxilla
Orbital floor
When do orbital fractures take place?
In high energy trauma cases
How are naso-orbito-ethmoidal fractures treated?
Quick reconstruction
What is a pakfacial injury?
Massive soft and hard tissue disruption caused by high energy trauma
What rules are followed in reconstructive surgery?
Rule of vertical 3rds
Rule of horizontal 5ths
What is the 5 year survival for oral malignancy?
Stage 1= 90%
Stage 2= 76%
Stage 3= 44%
Stage 4= 20%
What are the causes of failure of oral malignancy treatment?
Failed loco regional control
Distant metastases
Secondary primaries
Death from other diseases
What are the worrying signs that may indicate oral malignancy?
Area of redness Speckled white/red lesion Indurated area of ulceration Area of ulceration present for >3 weeks New area of melanin pigmentation
What is a white patch in oral malignancy?
Leukoplakia
What is a red patch in oral malignancy?
Erythroplakia
How is oral malignancy managed?
Surgery- resection and reconstruction
Radiotherapy
Chemotherapy
How is untreatable oral cancer palliated?
Best supportive care
Radiotherapy
What is a complication of metastatic skin cancer?
May have to excise bone
What is a complication of maxillary cancer?
Can spread to infra temporal fossa
