Nasal anatomy and physiology

Question 1

What is the primary function of the nose?

Answer 1

Airway in respiration

Question 2

What is the epithelium of the inner nose?

Answer 2

Respiratory ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells

Question 3

What are the functions of the nose?

Answer 3

Warming of inspired air
Humidification
Filtration of large particles matter by coarse hairs in the nasal vestibule
Mucous production, trapping and ciliary clearance of particle matter
Immune protection
Olfaction
Drainage/aeration of the middle ear
Drainage of paranasal sinuses and nasolacrimanal duct
Voice modification
Pheremone detection

Question 4

What is the function of the sinuses?

Answer 4

Hey with vocal resonance
Decrease weight of skull and facial bones
Acts as a buffer for trauma

Question 5

What is the general makeup of the external nose?

Answer 5

1/3 bone

2/3 cartilage

Question 6

What forms the external nose?

Answer 6

Frontal process of maxilla and nasal part of frontal bones

Question 7

From superior to inferior, what are the structures of the external nose?

Answer 7

Glabella
Nation
Dorsum
Supratip
Tip
Collumnella

Question 8

What is the partition up the centre of the nose?

Answer 8

Nasal septum

Question 9

What are the lateral walls of the internal nose called?

Answer 9

Turbinates

Question 10

What is the roof of the internal nose called?

Answer 10

Cribriform plate

Question 11

What is the floor of the internal nose called?

Answer 11

Hard palate

Question 12

What are the associated structures of the internal nose?

Answer 12

Paranasal sinuses

Nasopharynx

Question 13

What are the turbinates of the nose?

Answer 13

3 bony like projections from the lateral wall of the nose

Question 14

What are the 3 turbinated associated with?

Answer 14

Each associated with respective meatus

Question 15

What is the clinical relevance of the turbinates?

Answer 15

Esp inferior

Can cause nasal blockage due to infection or inflammation

Question 16

How is nasal blockage due to turbinates managed?

Answer 16

Topical steroid sprays or surgically with reduction surgeries

Question 17

What are the different paranasal sinuses?

Answer 17

Frontal
Maxillary
Ethmoid
Sphenoid

Question 18

What are the relations of the frontal and ethmoid sinuses?

Answer 18

Anterior cranial fossa

Question 19

What are the relations of the maxillary sinuses?

Answer 19

Orbits

Question 20

What are the relations f the sphenoid sinuses?

Answer 20

Optic nerve
Internal carotid
Cavernous sinus

Question 21

What is the importance of the relations of sinuses?

Answer 21

Spread of infections, risks of surgery

Question 22

What does the inferior meatus drain?

Answer 22

Nasolacrimal duct

Question 23

What does the middle meatus drain?

Answer 23

Frontal sinus
Maxillary sinuses
Anterior and middle ethmoid cells

Question 24

What does the superior meatus drain?

Answer 24

Posterior ethmoid air cells

Question 25

What does the spheno-ethmoid recess drain?

Answer 25

Sphenoid sinuses

Question 26

How is nasal blood supply divided?

Answer 26

Anterior and posterior

Question 27

What is the blood supply of the anterior nose?

Answer 27

Branches of internal carotid artery- ophthalmic artery, branching to the anterior and posterior ethmoid arteries

Question 28

What is the blood supply of the posterior nose?

Answer 28

Branches of external carotid- sphenopalatine artery

Question 29

What is Little’s area?

Answer 29

Region in anteroinferior part of the nasal septum where 4 arteries anastomose to form a vascular plexus

Question 30

What is the nerve supply of the nose?

Answer 30

Branches of the trigeminal