THRC.7 Flashcards

1
Q

The tracts of the CNS can be divided into…

A
  • Ascending pathways
  • Descending pathways
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2
Q

What are the divisions of the ascending pathways?

A
  • Medial lemniscus
  • Extra-lemniscal system
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3
Q

List the ascending pathways

A
  • Visual
  • Vestibular + auditory
  • Somatic afferent pathways
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4
Q

The medial lemniscus can be divided into…

A
  • Spinal lemniscus (trunk + limbs)
  • Trigeminal lemniscus (sensory nerves of the head)
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5
Q

The sensory neurons of the spinal lemniscus run along…

A

The dorsal funiculus of the spinal cord

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6
Q
A

Decussation of lemniscus

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7
Q
A

Medial lemniscus

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8
Q
A

Cuneate nucleus

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9
Q
A

Gracile nucleus

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10
Q
A

Fasciculus gracilis

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11
Q

Tracts from the caudal trunk + lumbosacral plexus are located…

A
  • Medially:​
    • Fasciculus gracilis
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12
Q

Tracts from the cranial trunk + brachial plexus are located…

A
  • Laterally:
    • Cuneate fascicle
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13
Q
A

Fasciculus cuneatus

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14
Q
A

Optic nerve (CN-II)

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15
Q
A

Thalamus

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16
Q
A

Sensory area of neopallium

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17
Q
A

Medial lemniscus

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18
Q
A

Bulbothalmic tract

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19
Q
A

Spinothalmic tract

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20
Q
A

Pontine sensory nucleus of trigeminal nerve

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21
Q
A

Gracile + cuneate nucleus

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22
Q

Where does the lateral-most tract terminate?

A

Nucleus cuneatus of dorsal medulla oblongata

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23
Q

Where does the medial-most tract terminate?

A

Nucleus gracilis of dorsal medulla oblongata

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24
Q

Where does the medial lemniscus join with sensory fibres of the trigeminal nerve?

A

The brain stem

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25
Which tract is formed by the extra-lemniscal system?
Spinothalamic tract
26
Give the termination pathway of the spinothalamic tract
1. Neurons of the dorsal horns (close to spinal root) → 2. White matter → Ventrolateral funiculi 3. Thalamus 4. Some tertiary neurons project more rostrally
27
Pathway of proprioceptive information to the brain
1. Receptors in tendons + muscles 2. Dorsal horn → Cerebellum *(via spinocerebellar tracts)*
28
Optic chiasm
29
Optic tract
30
Optic thalamus
31
Visual cortex
32
Rostral colliculus
33
Pituitary gland
34
Give the pathway of the optic tract
* Eyes → Optic chiasm * Optic tract: * → Optic thalamus * → Rostral colliculus * Visual cortex → Rostral colliculus
35
Where is the visual cortex located?
Occipital lobe
36
Which system is shown?
Medial lemniscal system
37
What is shown?
Vestibular + auditory pathway
38
Vestibulocochlear nerve (CN-VIII)
39
Vestibulocochlear nuclei
40
Caudal colliculus
41
Rostral colliculus
42
Acoustic area
43
Medial geniculate nucleus
44
Lateral lemniscus nucleus
45
Location of _primary_ neurones concerned with the vestibular + auditory pathways
* Spiral ganglion * Vestibular ganglion * Cochlea
46
The vestibulocochlear nerve enters the...
Trapezoid body
47
Fibres leading to the temporal lobe are associated with which sense?
Conscious perception
48
List the descending pathways
* Somatic motor pathways * Lower motor neurons * Upper motor neurons * Pyramidal system * Extrapyramidal system
49
Location of _lower_ motor neurons
* Ventral column of the grey matter (Spinal cord) * Motor nuclei of the cranial nerves
50
Function of lower motor neurons
* Simple reflexes * Controlled by upper motor neurons
51
Location of _upper_ motor neurons
* Neopallium * Red nucleus
52
The connection of the upper and lower motor neurons are grouped into which descending pathways?
* Pyramidal system * Extrapyramidal system
53
Function of: * Pyramidal system * Extrapyramidal system
* Pyramidal system: Finely adjusted movement * Extrapyramidal system: Coarse movement
54
What is shown?
The pyramidal system
55
Motor area of neopallium
56
Corticostriate tract
57
Corticorubral tract
58
Striate body
59
Red nucleus
60
Oculomotor nuclei
61
Motor nuclei of the spinal cord
62
Structure of the extrampyramidal system
* Multisynaptic pathways * Originate from: * Corpus striatum * Subthalamic nuclei * Substantia nigra * Red nucleus
63
Central autonomic nervous system is concerned with...
* Function of inner organs (viscera) * Inspiration, digestion, metabolism, temperature * Regulated by hypothalamus
64
Pathway of the autonomic nervous system
1. Hypothalamus 2. Autonomic nuclei of the brain/spinal cord
65
Hypothalamus receives information from almost all parts of the body via...
Mesencephalic nuclei
66
Pathways of the central autonomic nervous system
* Visceral pathway * Afferent pathway * Efferent pathway * Sympathetic * Parasympathetic