Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Veterinary Anatomy III > THRA.24 > Flashcards

THRA.24 Flashcards

1
Q

The architecture of the trunk is referred to as…

A

‘Bow and string’ theory

Bow: thoracolumbar vertebrae

String: abdominal muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Design of the body is to allow…

A

Low energy expenditure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The joints of the animal should be stabilised to…

A
  • Prevent unwanted abduction/adduction
  • Coordinate flexion/extension

Maximising efficient transmission of thrust

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

M. serratus ventralis is adapted to…

A
  • Carry considerable weight with minimum effort
  • Due to high tendinous tissue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The function of collateral ligaments

A
  • Limit range of flexion and extension
  • Exception: Shoulder joint
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The function of collateral ligaments in the shoulder

A
  • Present a force which must be overcome to move
  • Prevents flexion of the elbow due to body weight
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Stay apparatus

A
  • Tendinous-ligamentous support system in equine
  • Allows the horse to stand for long periods
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Give the mechanism of the stay apparatus

A

Whilst standing

  • Contraction of the supraspinate and triceps muscles
  • Tension of superficial + deep digital flexor muscles

Results in passive tension → Maintains elbow extension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Why is weight-bearing on the carpus effortless?

A

Axis of the radius + cannon bone are in the same vertical line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The carpus is prevented from buckling forward by the…

A

Lacertus fibrosus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Overextension of the carpus is prevented by…

A
  • Caudal ligaments
  • Ligaments of the accessory bone
  • Check ligaments
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What provides the main support of the fetlock?

A

Suspensory ligament

(Palmar + planter)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Suspensory ligament prevents…

A

Overextension of the fetlock during locomotion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

During locomotion, the suspensory ligament is supported by…

A

SDF + DDF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q
A

Suspensory ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q
A

Lacertus fibrosus

17
Q

Effect of body weight on the fetlock joint

A

Extends the fetlock

18
Q

Which structures prevent muscular effort in the equine hindlimb?

A
  • Collagenous bands derived from muscular tissue
  • Skeletal adaptations
19
Q

What does this figure represent?

A

The patellar lock/loop

20
Q
A

Middle patella ligament

21
Q
A

Superficial digital flexor tendon

22
Q
A

Third fibular muscle

23
Q
A

Accessory ligament

24
Q
A

Suspensory ligament

25
Q

Patellar loop causes

A
  • Locking of patella
  • Immobilisation of the stifle
  • Immobilisation of the hock
26
Q

Initiation of the patella loop

A
  • Extension of stifle beyond the proximal trochlear groove
  • Medial twist of the patella
  • Parapatellar cartilage is hooked over the trochlear tubercle
27
Q

Function of patella loop

A
  • Allows the horse to rest its weight on one hindlimb
  • With minimum effort
28
Q

How is the patella loop stopped?

A
  • Weight is shifted to the other limb
  • Quadriceps draws the patella proximally
29
Q

If the patella loop cannot be unlocked, what can be observed?

A

The horse drags the toe

30
Q

Reciprocal apparatus

A
  • Flexion of the stifle
  • Flexion of the hock
31
Q

Muscles involved in the reciprocal apparatus

A
  • Gastrocnemius
  • Third peroneal muscle
  • SDF
32
Q

Give the natural gaits

A
  • Equine:
    • Walk
    • Trot
    • Gallop
  • Other animals:
    • Pace
    • Amble
    • Rack
33
Q

Walk

A
  • 4-beat gait
  • 2 feet always in contact with the floor
  1. Left hind
  2. Left fore
  3. Right hind
  4. Right fore
34
Q

Trot

A
  • 2-beat gait
  • Opposite fore + hind feet hit the ground together
  1. Right fore + left hind
  2. Left fore + right hind
35
Q

Gallop

A
  • 4-beat gait
  • Either left or right forelimb leads
  1. Right fore
  2. Left hind
  3. Right hind
  4. Left fore
36
Q
A

Walking

37
Q
A

Trotting

38
Q
A

Gallop

39
Q

What is a stride sequence?

A

Movement of a limb with:

  • Swing phase
  • Stance phase

Veterinary Anatomy III (124 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions