THRA.24 Flashcards
The architecture of the trunk is referred to as…
‘Bow and string’ theory
Bow: thoracolumbar vertebrae
String: abdominal muscles
Design of the body is to allow…
Low energy expenditure
The joints of the animal should be stabilised to…
- Prevent unwanted abduction/adduction
- Coordinate flexion/extension
Maximising efficient transmission of thrust
M. serratus ventralis is adapted to…
- Carry considerable weight with minimum effort
- Due to high tendinous tissue
The function of collateral ligaments
- Limit range of flexion and extension
- Exception: Shoulder joint
The function of collateral ligaments in the shoulder
- Present a force which must be overcome to move
- Prevents flexion of the elbow due to body weight
Stay apparatus
- Tendinous-ligamentous support system in equine
- Allows the horse to stand for long periods
Give the mechanism of the stay apparatus
Whilst standing
- Contraction of the supraspinate and triceps muscles
- Tension of superficial + deep digital flexor muscles
Results in passive tension → Maintains elbow extension
Why is weight-bearing on the carpus effortless?
Axis of the radius + cannon bone are in the same vertical line
The carpus is prevented from buckling forward by the…
Lacertus fibrosus
Overextension of the carpus is prevented by…
- Caudal ligaments
- Ligaments of the accessory bone
- Check ligaments
What provides the main support of the fetlock?
Suspensory ligament
(Palmar + planter)
Suspensory ligament prevents…
Overextension of the fetlock during locomotion
During locomotion, the suspensory ligament is supported by…
SDF + DDF
Suspensory ligament
Lacertus fibrosus
Effect of body weight on the fetlock joint
Extends the fetlock
Which structures prevent muscular effort in the equine hindlimb?
- Collagenous bands derived from muscular tissue
- Skeletal adaptations
What does this figure represent?
The patellar lock/loop
Middle patella ligament
Superficial digital flexor tendon
Third fibular muscle
Accessory ligament
Suspensory ligament
