THRA.7 Flashcards
Which structure do the following enclose:
- Thoracic vertebrae
- Sternum
- Costae
Cavum thoracis
What is located at the cranial and caudal end of cavum thoracis?
- Apertura thoracis cranialis
- Apertura thoracis caudalis
What are characteristic of the thoracic vertebrae?
- Long spinous processes
- Short bodies
- Flattened extremities
- Short articular processes
- Short transverse processes
- Foveae for rib attachment
Name the pairs of fovea costalis
- Foveae costales cranialis
- Foveae costales caudales
- Foveae costales processus transversi
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Fovea Costalis Cranialis
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Fovea Costalis Processus Transversi
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Fovea Costalis Caudalis
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Facies Articularis Tuberculi Costae ↔ Fovea Costalis Processus Transversi
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Facies articularis capitis costae cranialis ↔ Fovea costalis caudalis
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Facies articularis capitis costae caudalis ↔ Fovea costalis cranialis
Which thoracic vertebra has a perpendicular spinous process to its body?
Vertebra anticlinalis
Give the number of thoracic vertebrae in each species
Eq: 18
Ru: 13-15
Ca: 12-14
Fe: 13-16
35
Arcus costalis
36
Spatium intercostale
37
Angulus arcuum costalium
Angle between right and left costal arches
6
Cartilago costalis
21
Genu costae
(Costochondral junction/Symphysis)
Which ribs articulate with the sternum?
The first 7-9 ribs
Name given to sternal/true ribs
Costae verae
Name given to asternal/false ribs
Costae spuriae
How do asternal ribs articulate with the sternum?
Indirectly, by uniting with the cartilage of the rib in front
(Forming arcus costalis)
Name the ribs which end caudally and freely in the musculature
Costae fluctuantes
Which species alway have the last pair of ribs floating?
Ca/Fe
Give the ratio of sternal:asternal ribs amongst the species
Eq: 8:10
Ru: 8:5
Ca: 9:4
Su: 7:8
15
Facies articularis tuberculi costae
(Located on the tuberculum)
14
Tuberculum costae
11
Collum costae
10
Crista capitis costae
9
Facies articularis capitis costae
4
Lig. capitis costae radiatum
Which ligament attaches between the two facies articularis capitis costae
Lig. capitis costae radiatum
Moving caudally, the necs of the ribs become…
Shorter
(Except in Ru)
The region of the rib which is most strongly bent
Angulus costae
20
Sulcus costae
Sulcus costae hosts which structure(s)?
- Intercostal vessels
- Spinal nerves
27
Sternebrae
30
Incisurae costales
Where is the attachment point of costal cartilages on the sternum?
Incisurae costales
The first pair of ribs articulate with which part of the sternum?
Manubrium sterni
Site between the xiphoid cartilage and the xiphoid process
Xiphosternal synchondrosis
What joins all the sternebrae together?
Synchondrosis sternales
24
Cartilago manubrii
(Absent/Small in Ru)
26
Crista sterni
(Eq)
Give the number of sternebrae accross the species
Eq: 7-8
Ru: 7
Ca: 8-9
Su: 6
The xiphoid cartilage caudally attaches to the…
Linea alba
As it reaches the thorax, lig. nuchae becomes
Lig. supraspinale
Which bursa is found between the lig. supraspinale and the 2nd/3rd/4th thoracic vertebrae?
Bursa subligamentosa supraspinalis
At Th3, the lig. subligamentosa supraspinalis thickens into…
Pars cucullaris
Lig. longitudinale ventrale extends between which two locations?
Th8/9 to the promontory of S1
At what point does the lig. nuchae become lig. supraspinale?
The processus spinosus of T1
Name the joint of the ribs and thoracic vertebrae
Art. capitis costae
Which part of the rib does the discus intervertebralis interact with?
The interarticular groove of the costal head
(Each junction has its own capsule)
Art. capitis costae behaves like which kind of joint?
A restricted spheroidal joint
6
Lig. intercapitale
Describe the position of lig. intercapitale
- From one head of the rib
- Over the dorsal part of the intervertebral disc
- Under the dorsal longitudinal ligament (Seperated by a bursa)
- To the other rib
7
Lig. longitudinale dorsale
As well as securing ribs together, what is the other function of the lig. intercapitale?
To help prevent disc herniation
Why disc herniations are more common in the lumbar region
7
Art. costotransversaria
Between tuberculum and transverse process
Which kind of joint is art. costotransversaria?
Sliding synovial joint
9
Lig. costotransversarium
26
Art. costochondrales
Compare art. costochondrales accross the species
Ca/Eq: Junctions are symphysis
Ru/Su: Firm joints
11
Art. sternocostales
What kind of joint is art. sternocostales?
Condylar Joint
23
Art. synovialis manubriosternalis
(Ru/Su)
14
Lig. sterni
Divides in 3 in Eq
(Sometimes absent in Ca)
List the expiratory respiratory muscles
- M. serratus dorsalis caudalis
- M. retractor costae ultimae
- M. transversus thoracis
- Mm. intercostales interni
- M. subcostalis
List the inspiratory respiratory muscles
- M. rectus thoracis
- Mm. intercostales externi
- Mm. levatores costarum
- M. scalenus dorsalis (Ø Eq)
- M. scalenus medius
- M. scalenus ventralis (Ø Ca)
- M. serratus dorsalis cranialis
- M. phrenicus
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M. Serratus Dorsalis Caudalis
O: Caudal Superficial Layer of Fascia Thoracolumbalis
I: Ribs 11-13 (Proximally)
A: Expiration
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M. Rectus Thoracis
O: Rib 1 (Distally)
I: Ventrally ribs 2-4 and Sternebrae 2-4
A: Inspiration
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M. Scalenus Dorsalis (Ø Eq)
O: C4-C6 Transverse Process
I: Dorsally Situated: Ribs 1-4
Ventrally Situated: Ribs 1-9
A: Inspiration, Ventrolateral flexion of neck.
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M. Serratus Dorsalis Cranialis
O: Nuchal fascia, T1 - T7 Spinous Process
I: Proximally on Ribs 2-10
A: Inspiration
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M. Retractor Costae Ultimae
O: L1 - L4 Transverse Process, Caudal Thoracolumar Fascia
I: Last Rib (Caudally)
A: Expriation
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M. Levatores Costarum
O: T1 - T12 Transverse Process
I: Cranial Borders of angulus costae on the next Rib
(Covered by Erector Spinae Muscles)
A: Inspiration
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M. Scalenus Medius
O: C6 - C7 Transverse Process
I: Cranial Border Rib 1 (+2 in Ca)
A: Inspiration, Ventrolateral flexion of Neck
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M. Serratus Dorsalis Cranialis
O: Nuchal fascia, T1 - T7 Spinous Process
I: Proximally on Ribs 2-10
A: Inspiration
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M. Transversus Thoracis
O: Inner surface of Sternum
I: Rib 2-8 Costal Cartilages
A: Expiration
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M. Retractor Costae Ultimae
O: L1 - L4 Transverse Process, Caudal Thoracolumar Fascia
I: Last Rib (Caudally)
A: Expriation
21
M. scalenus ventralis (Ø Ca)
O: C3 - C6 transverse process
I: Middle of R1
A: Flex neck ventrolaterally
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M. subcostalis
O/I: Ribs 9-11, internal surface
A: Expiration
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M. intercostales externi
O: Sulcus muscularis costae
I: Cranial border of next rib
A: Inspiration
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M. intercostalis interni
O: Cranial border of one rib
I: Caudal border of next rib
A: Expiration
Direction of fibres used for expiration
Cranioventrally
Direction of fibres used for inspiration
Caudoventrally