Thorax & Lungs Flashcards
The thorax is the region between the ___ and the ____ and it contains the heart, the lungs, and numerous nerves and vessels, some of which pass from the head all the way down to the abdomen and some are just going through the thorax.
neck and the abdomen
There is a (anterior/superior) thoracic aperture and an (posterior/inferior) thoracic aperture.
superior; inferior
The posterior boundary of the superior thoracic aperture is the (first/second) thoracic vertebra.
first
The lateral boundary of the superior thoracic aperture is a pair of ribs. So there is one on each side and it will be rib (1/2).
1
The anterior boundary of the superior thoracic aperture is the superior aspect of the ____.
manubrium
With the (anterior/superior) thoracic aperture we essentially have a hole going into the thoracic cage.
superior
Structures that enter the superior thoracic aperture include the ______, the ______, and various blood vessels and nerves and some of them will go through the (inferior/superior) thoracic aperture from the head and neck and go out through the (inferior/superior) thoracic aperture
trachea; esophagus; superior; inferior
The inferior thoracic aperture is the communication between the thorax and the abdomen and what separates the thorax from the abdomen is the _____ diaphragm.
respiratory
The posterior boundary of the inferior thoracic aperture is the (11th/12th) thoracic vertebra.
12th
The postero lateral boundary of the inferior thoracic aperture is going to be the pair of (5th/11th)) and (6th/12th) ribs.
11th and 12th
The anterolateral boundary of the inferior thoracic aperture is the costocartilage which is the costal ____ and it is made up of the costal cartilages of ribs (7-10/11-12).
arch; 7-10
The most anterior boundary of the inferior thoracic aperture is going to be the (costochondral/xiphisternal) joint
xiphisternal
Structures that are entering and leaving the inferior thoracic aperture include the ______, the _____, and the _____. They will pass into the abdomen through the opening in the diaphragm.
inferior vena cava, esophagus, and the aorta
The thoracic bodies have these little facets in the posterolateral corners inferiorly and superiorly. They are called ____ because they aren’t full facets. They are going to be articulations for the ribs, specifically the (costochondral/costovertebral) joints.
demi-facets; costovertebral
Coming off of the posterior neural arch are the (spinous/transverse) processes and they have a facet (#2) and it’ll have a facet where the ribs attach and that is the (costovertebral/costotransverse) joints.
transverse; costotransverse
The typical ribs are ribs (1-6/3-9).
3-9
Each of the typical ribs will have a head which is on the (anterior/posterior) aspect of the thoracic cage and there will be 2 facets which will be an (inferior/anterior) and (superior/posterior) facet on that head. Those facets are separated by the (crest/treasure) of the head. They are going to be the articulation from the ribs to the (costotransverse/costovertebral) joints.
posterior; inferior and superior; crest; costovertebral
The demi-facets that were on the posterolateral corner of the vertebra is where these facets articulate and create the (costovertebral/costotransverse) joints.
costovertebral
For the typical rib, _ rib articulates with _ vertebral bodies. Using rib 5 as an example, it articulates with the t_ vertebral body and the vertebral body (above/below) it. So rib 5 will articulate with t_ and t_. So you have one vertebral body, a disk, another vertebral body, and the rib sits right in-between.
1; 2; t5; above; t5 and t4
So the ribs are named based on the vertebral body that articulates on that (superior/inferior) facet.
inferior
From the head of the rib we move lateral to the (body/neck) of the rib and the neck is the connection between the head and the shaft of the rib at the level of the ___ of the rib. The start of the shaft is the tubercle. The tubercle has some facets on it as well (articular part and nonarticular part). The (articular/non articular) part is a facet that attaches to the facet on the (spinous/transverse) process. So the tubercle becomes the junction between the neck or body (shaft) of the rib. The shaft projects laterally and then anteriorly and then inferiorly. So you’ll see a (incline/decline) as it goes around your trunk. Running along the entire length of the shaft is a groove on the inferior aspect of the shaft called the ___ groove and in this groove we are going to find ____ nerves and blood vessels.
neck; tubercle; articular; transverse; decline; costal; intercostal
The intercostal nerves and blood vessels are (superficial/deep) to the internal intercostal muscles.
deep
The ribs attach on the level of the (same/superior) transverse process when it attaches laterally. So the (same/superior) vertebra the rib is named for is the transverse process that it attaches to.
same; same
Atypical ribs include rib (1/3), (2/4), and (8-9/10-12).
1; 2; 10-12
Ribs 1 and 2 are (shorter/taller) than the typical ribs and they are (highly/minimally) curved, meaning they have (less/more) curves than the typical ribs.
shorter; highly; more
The 1st rib only articulates with the (1st/2nd) thoracic vertebra.
1st
Ribs 10-12 also only articulate with _ vertebral body which is their (associated/superior) vertebra.
1; associated
Rib 11 and rib 12 (do/do not) articulate with their transverse process, they just come off the vertebral body.
do not
(True/False) ribs form a complete arch between the vertebra of the spinal column and the sternum of the chest.
True
The first _ pairs of ribs makeup the true ribs (ribs -).
7; 1-7
As the (true/false) ribs come around they are going to attach to a costal cartilage junction which is going to create a (fibrous/synchondrosis) joint.
true; synchondrosis
A synchondrosis joint is a (fibrous/cartilaginous) joint.
cartilaginous
That costal cartilage that the bone is attaching to then goes and attaches to the sternum and at the sternum it creates the (sternochondral/sternocostal) joint.
sternocostal
The sternocostal joint is a (cartilaginous/synovial) joint.
synovial
So with the (true/false) ribs, you have the rib coming around and it ends before it articulates with the sternum and it articulates with this chunk of cartilage. On the lateral side it creates this (cartilaginous/synovial) joint and on the medial side it articulates with the sternum to create a (cartilaginous/synovial) joint.
true; cartilaginous; synovial
The false ribs are ribs -.
8-10