Cranial Cavity Flashcards
The skull is made up of _ bones. There are _ different areas to which these bones contribute. 2 of which are the _____ and (roof/floor) of the ____ cavity.
29; 9; calvaria and floor of the cranial cavity
The top part of the skull is called the ____ and it makes up the skull cap.
calvaria
The frontal bone is separated from the parietal bones by the (coronal/sagittal) suture.
coronal
The parietal bones are separated from each other by the (coronal/sagittal) suture.
sagittal
The occipital bone is separated from the two parietal bones by the (sagittal/lambdoid) suture.
lambdoid
The floor of the cranial cavity is separated into an (anterior/superior), (middle/sub superior), and (posterior/inferior) cranial fossa. On the anterior cranial fossa there is a section called the ______ plate and ______.
anterior, middle, and posterior; cribriform; crista galli
. The sella turcica is part of the (anterior/middle) cranial fossa.
middle
The most outer layer of the cranial meninges is the (dura/arachnoid) mater, the middle layer is the (pia/arachnoid) mater, and the most inner layer is the (pia/arachnoid) mater.
dura; arachnoid; pia
The meninges are continuous with the spinal cord meninges and they are generally the same. The only slight difference is in the (dura/pia) mater. The (dura/pia) mater from the vertebral column had an epidural space filled with fat and venules and that epidural space (does/ does not) exist in the cranial meninges. The dura mater in the cranial meninges is actually fused to the ______ of the cranial cavity. So it is fused to the inner surface of the cranial cavity to the _____ layer of the bone. There is no epidural space.
dura; dura; does not; periosteum; periosteal
The cranial meninges have _ layers. Those _ layers lead to the creation of dural ___ and dural ____. The dura mater has a periosteal layer and it is right up against the bone and it has a meningeal layer. These layers are fused together except at various locations where the meningeal layer separates from the periosteal layer. And when it separates it separates to form dural ____ . The dural ____ partition (subdivide) the cranial cavity and they create venous ____ .
2; 2; septa; sinuses; septa; septa; sinuses
The first major septa in the cranial cavity is the _____. This septum’s job is to separate the two _____ hemispheres.
falx cerebri; cerebral
The falx cerebri is in the (sagittal/frontal) plane.
sagittal
The ______ is another major dural septa in the cranial cavity and it is in the transverse plane . It separates the _____ lobes of the brain from the ____ .
tentorium cerebelli; occipital; cerebellum
(Above/Below) the tentorium cerebelli is the falx cerebella. The sellar diaphragm is (on top of/below) sella turcica and covers it. By covering the sella turcica it partitions the ___ gland and actually creates a little compartment for the gland.
Below; on top of; pituitary
The falx cerebella separates the two ____ hemispheres
cerebellar
The dural venous sinuses (have valves/are valveless) and sit within the dura and most of them are between two layers of the dura and they mostly all work to drain through the _____ foramen of the skull.
are valveless; jugular
The superior sagittal sinus lies in the midline at the junction of the upper boarder of the ______. This sinus starts at the _______ anteriorly and ends at the junctional region of the _____ of the sinuses which is posterior.
falx cerebri; crista galli; confluence
The inferior sagittal sinus is on the _____. This sinus lies in the inferior free edge (not connected to the bone) of the ______ . It joins anteriorly with the ______ vein. It is getting blood from the brain through the ______ vein that is running into the inferior sagittal sinus. All that blood is running to the posterior portion of the skull through the falx cerebri where its name changes to the ____ sinus.
falx cerebri; falx cerebri; great cerebral; great cerebral; straight
The straight sinus is a continuation from the (superior/inferior) sagittal sinus. The straight sinus runs between the ______ and the ______. It is going to run and dump into _____ of the sinuses.
inferior; falx cerebelli; tentorium cerebelli; confluence
There are two transverse sinuses that emerge from the confluence of the sinuses. They travel in the ________. They are heading to the _____ foramen. In their path going there, it drops down inferiorly and after that drop off it becomes the ____ sinus. There are two ____ sinuses (one on each side).
tentorium cerebelli; jugular; sigmoid; sigmoid
The sigmoid sinus is going to join in with the _____ vein. The ______ vein starts when you cross the _______ foramen.
internal jugular; internal jugular; jugular
The cavernous sinus is the huge area around the ______. There are two cavernous sinuses, one on each side. They are going to connect to the _____ sinus via the superior _____ sinus. As soon as it joins with the ______ sinus they both dump into the _____ sinus on both sides. The cavernous sinus also connects to the sigmoid sinus via the inferior _____ sinus. It joins with the ____ sinus just as it is going to drop through the _____ foramen. So the cavernous sinus is a big venous system which has two outlets for the blood to flow to get to the _____ foramen.
sella turcica; transverse; petrosal; transverse; sigmoid; petrosal; sigmoid; jugular; jugular
The frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, occipital lobe, cerebellum, and spinal cord all sit in the ____ cavity.
cranial
The anterior cranial fossa is formed by the ____ plate of the frontal bone (anterior portion of it), the lesser wing of the ______ bone, and the sphenoid _____. They make up the anterior cranial fossa.
orbital; sphenoid; body
The _____ is the posterior portion of the anterior cranial cavity.
sphenoid
The frontal lobe of the brain sits/rests in the (anterior/middle) cranial fossa.
anterior
We have _ cribriform plates, _ on each side.
2; 1
The crista galli is a perpendicular projection that comes off of the ____ plate that the ______ attaches to.
cribriform; falx cerebri
On the cribriform plate are some nerve fibers coming from the (ear/nose) and they are going to come up and join on the bulb called the ______ bulb which is part of the ______ nerve. This bulb sits on the cribriform plate. From there the bulb attaches to the _____ tract, running posteriorly to the brain.
nose; olfactory; olfactory; olfactory
The cribriform plate and the crista galli are not part of the frontal bone, they are part of the (sphenoid/ethmoid) bone.
ethmoid
The ethmoid bone makes up a small piece of the (anterior/middle) cranial fossa.
anterior
The middle cranial fossa is the greater wing of the (ethmoid/sphenoid) and the petrous portion of the (parietal/temporal) bone. The body of the (ethmoid/sphenoid) bone is what comprises of this fossa.
sphenoid; temporal; sphenoid
On the body of the sphenoid is the _____ groove. This is the most (anterior/posterior) aspect of the middle cranial fossa. It is the place where the optic ____ (part of the cranial nerves) is going to rest.
chiasmatic; anterior; chiasm
In the sella turcica is the _____ gland AKA pituitary hypophysis.
pituitary
The lateral portions of the middle cranial fossa are the (lesser/greater) wing of the sphenoid and the petrous portion of the (parietal/temporal) bone
greater; temporal
The temporal lobes will rest in the region of the (anterior/middle) cranial fossa
middle
The cavernous sinus - there is one one each side of the sella turcica and that sinus communicates venous blood to the other sinuses in the cranial cavity and the important structures that go through that sinus is the ______ artery, the ____ nerve CN#3 , the ______ nerve CN#4, the ______ (v1) and _____ (v2) divisions of the trigeminal nerve, and the ______ nerve CN#6.
internal carotid, ocular motor, trochlear, the ophthalmic and the maxillary, abducens
For the trigeminal nerve, ophthalmic is (v1/v2) and maxillary is (v1/v2).
v1; v2
The (internal carotid artery/internal jugular vein) loops back on itself. It has an s shape to it and that is because it loops back on itself.
internal carotid artery
The optic chiasm and the nerve heading towards the eye goes into the optic canal. In the optic canal we find the _____ nerve and the _____ artery. The _____ artery is a branch off of the internal carotid artery.
optic; ophthalmic; ophthalmic
The superior orbital fissure is at the most anterior edge of the (lesser/greater) wing of the sphenoid or the most posterior edge of the (lesser/greater) wing of the sphenoid.
greater; lesser
In the superior orbital fissure there is the _____ nerve (CN 3), _______ nerve (CN 4), ______ division of the trigeminal nerve (v1), and the _____ nerve (CN 6). All of those are running to the (nose/eye).
ocular motor, trochlear, opthalmic, abducens; eye
The foramen rotundum contains the _____ division of the trigeminal nerve (CN 5).
maxillary
The foramen ovale is (smaller/bigger) than the foramen rotundum, it looks like an oval, and contains the ______ division of the trigeminal nerve (CN 5)
bigger; mandibular
The foramen spinosum is the opening for the (anterior/middle) meningeal artery.
middle
The middle meningeal artery is the (smallest/largest) meningeal artery and is a continuation of the _____ artery . It supplies the majority of the (dura/epidura) mater and it is closely adhered to the cranial wall because the dura mater is fused to the periosteum .
largest; maxillary; dura
The posterior cranial fossa is formed by the (temporal/occipital) bone, the dorsum sellae of the sphenoid bone (the most (anterior/posterior) aspect of the sphenoid bone), and the petrous and mastoid portions of the (temporal/occipital) bone. There is a little overlap with the middle cranial fossa.
occipital; posterior; temporal
In the posterior cranial fossa you are going to find the (crista galli/cerebellum) and the (cribriform plate/brainstem).
cerebellum; brainstem
The brainstem consists of the ___ and_____ .
pons and medulla oblongota
The brainstem exits the foramen (ovale/magnum). After it leaves it turns into the ____ cord.
magnum; spinal
Structures going through the foramen magnum include the ______, ______ artery, and _______ nerve (CN 11)
brain stem; vertebral; spinal accessory
Structures in the internal acoustic meatus include ____ (CN 7), ______ (CN 8), & the _____ artery and vein
facial; vestibulocochlear; labyrinthine
Structures in the jugular foramen include the ______ vein, ______ nerve (CN 9), ______ nerve (CN 10), and the ______ nerve (CN 11).
internal jugular; glossopharyngeal; vagus; accessory
The spinal component of the accessory nerve enters the skull through the (jugular foramen/foramen magnum) and grabs onto the cranial nerve component and then exits through the (jugular foramen/foramen magnum).
foramen magnum; jugular foramen
The hypoglossal canal contains the ______ nerve (CN 12) and it exits through the hypoglossal canal which is along the edge of the foramen (rotundum/magnum).
hypoglossal; magnum
The internal carotid artery comes from the _____ artery.
common carotid
The internal carotid artery goes directly to the brain through the (straight/cavernous) sinus. We have (2/4) internal carotid arteries, a (right and left/right and left on both sides).
cavernous; 2; right and left
The vertebral artery goes up the spinal cord into the foramen (rotundum/magnum). There are (2/4) vertebral arteries.
magnum; 2
The Circle of Willis allows _ arteries to contribute blood to the brain and keep it oxygenated. Those _ arteries are the ______ artery, ______ artery, ______ artery, and the _______ artery.
4; 4; internal carotid; anterior cerebral; vertebral; posterior cerebral
The anterior cerebral artery comes off of the ______ artery.
internal carotid
The anterior communicating artery joins both sides of the _______ artery.
anterior cerebral
The vertebral artery starts by the brain stem and joins together to form the _____ artery.
basilar
The basilar artery splits into two forming the _____ artery.
posterior cerebral
The posterior cerebral artery joins the internal carotid artery via the _______ artery.
posterior communicating
