Lumbosacral Plexus Organization of the LE Flashcards
There are (less/more) injuries in the region of the lumbar plexus compared to that of the shoulder where there are a lot of injuries to the brachial plexus.
less
The sacral portion of the lumbosacral plexus comes out of the (ventral/dorsal) aspect of the sacrum and lies ventral to the ____ muscle.
ventral; piriformis
The hip is less mobile than the arm which (increases/reduces) the risk of injury.
reduces
All the nerves in the lumbosacral plexus are (ventral/dorsal) rami from L_-S_
ventral; L1-S4
The subcostal nerve has T_ segments
12
On the psoas major the subcostal nerve comes out laterally and at the top, (above/below) the 12th rib
below
The iliohypogastric nerve is made up of T_ and L_ segments and it is right (above/under) the subcostal nerve
T12 and L1; under
The iliohypogastric nerve pierces through the transversus abdominis muscle to get between what two muscles?
The internal oblique and the transversus abdominis
The ilioinguinal nerve is made up of the L_ segment
1
The ilioinguinal nerve runs along the iliac crest of the pelvis and it is going to eventually go between what two muscles?
The internal oblique and the transversus abdominis
What three nerves innervate the muscle and skin of the lower anterolateral abdominal wall and skin of the proximal anterior thigh?
The subcostal nerve, iliohypogastric nerve, and the ilioinguinal nerve
The genital femoral nerve is made up of L_-L- segments
L1-L2
The (genital femoral/femoral) nerve runs right along the anterior surface of the psoas major muscle and is going to the cremaster muscle and a small patch of skin on the proximal thigh.
genital femoral
The lateral femoral cutaneous (lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh) is a (anterior/posterior) division nerve with L_-L_ segments.
posterior; L2-L3
The lateral femoral cutaneous (lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh) comes out of the ___ muscle and it runs along the iliacus muscle near the iliac crest.
psoas major
The femoral nerve is a (anterior/posterior) division nerve with L_-L_ segments.
posterior; L2-L4
The femoral nerve is the most (superior/inferior) nerve that’s lateral to the psoas major muscle.
inferior
The obturator nerve is an (anterior/posterior) division nerve that has L_-L_ segments.
anterior; L2-L4
Medial and deep to the psoas major muscle is the ____ nerve.
obturator
The lumbosacral trunk is the most (superior/inferior) portion of the sacral plexus and is made up of L_-L_ ventral rami as they merge together.
superior; L4-L5
The superior gluteal nerve is a (anterior/posterior) division nerve with L_-S_ segments
posterior; L4-S1
The inferior gluteal nerve is a (anterior/posterior) division nerve with L_-S_ segments.
posterior; L5-S2
The quadratus femoris and the inferior gemellus are (anterior/posterior) division nerves with L_-S_ segments.
anterior; L4-S1
The obturator internus and superior gemellus are (anterior/posterior) division nerves with L_-S_ segments.
anterior; L5-S2
The piriformis nerve is a (anterior/posterior) division nerve with S_-S_ segments.
posterior; S1-S2
The pudendal nerve is an (anterior/posterior) division nerve with S_-S_ segments.
anterior; S2-S4
The posterior femoral cutaneous nerve is a mix of anterior/posterior division fibers with S_-S_ segments
S1-S3
The sciatic nerve is a mix of anterior and posterior dvision fibers with L_-S_ segments
L4-S3
The tibial component of the sciatic nerve has (anterior/posterior) division fibers with L_-S_ segments.
anterior; L4-S3
The common fibular nerve (component of the sciatic nerve) has (anterior/posterior) division fibers with L_-S_ segments.
posterior; L4-S2
As we follow the common iliac arteries down, it will split into an ____ iliac artery and ____ iliac artery.
external; internal
The (internal/external) iliac artery runs along the psoas major muscle and becomes the femoral artery as it exits the pelvis just deep to the inguinal ligament.
external
The (internal/external) iliac artery comes off of the common iliac artery and runs deep into the sacral region to provide blood to the pelvis.
internal
Lateral to the external iliac artery is the ____ nerve.
femoral
The (abdominal/pelvic) girdle is the foundation to which the lower limb is anchored.
pelvic
The hip joint is at the lower edge of the pelvic girdle and is the junction or region associated with the hip and it includes the ___ region, the ____ region, and the ____ triangle.
inguinal, gluteal, and the femoral
The (ankle/knee) is the junction between the femur and the tibia and the fibula
knee
The (femur/tibia and fibula) makes up the thigh, the (femur/tibia and fibula) make up the leg
femur; tibia and fibula
The (hip/ankle) joint is the junction between the leg and the foot.
ankle
The organization of the lower limb is ( a different/ the same) type of organization that we have in the upper limb. We’re gonna have a superficial fascia which is a subcutaneous tissue and you will see superficial veins, small unnamed arteries, and cutaneous nerves running all along it.
the same
The great and small saphenous veins run down (half of/ the whole) lower extremity
the whole
Deep to the superficial fascia we have what is called the ____ lata. This is the investing fascia and it surrounds muscle and extends all the way down the limb.
fascia
The ____ tract/band has attachments to the bones of the thigh, the leg, and the foot via the intermuscular septa. So the deep fascia attaches to the bones as it runs down the limb and forms compartments just like we had in the upper extremity.
iliotibial
When we are developing in the fetus, what is anterior in the fetus becomes (anterior/posterior) when we stand up and vice versa. So in the fetus what is posterior as the body unwinds and gets to a standing position over time in its development ends up facing the other direction.
posterior
When we talk about the anterior compartment of the thigh and leg, the nerve fibers that go through those compartments are (anterior/posterior) division fibers because in fetal development those compartments are facing the other direction.
posterior
In the posterior compartment of the thigh and leg in the developed human has (anterior/posterior) division nerve fibers in it and that is all because of that twisting that occurs from fetal development in birth and as the leg unwinds as it develops.
anterior
The gluteus does not rotate around so the gluteal nerves in the lumbosacral plexus will be (anterior/posterior) division fibers.
posterior
The investing fascia in the thigh is called the ____ and that investing fascia surrounds the entire leg deep to the subcutaneous fascia (superficial fascia) and it surrounds each of the muscles
fascia lata
With that investing fascia in the thigh we have thickened portions of that investing fascia that run from the outer layer and dive into the bone, individually these are called ____.
septum
The ____ and ____ intermuscular septum of the thigh separate the anterior compartment from the posterior and medial compartment
lateral and medial
When we think of the thigh we think of it being compartmentalized into two compartments – an ____ and a ____ compartment
anterior and a posterior
The posterior compartment of the thigh contains the (medial/lateral ) compartment
medial
In the leg we have the investing fascia surrounding the whole leg. There is an (anterior/posterior) septum coming off of the fibula and a (anterior/posterior) septum. Those two septum create the (medial/lateral) compartment.
anterior; posterior; lateral
The (anterior/posterior) compartment of the leg is made up of the anterior septum and the interosseous membrane
anterior
In the leg there is a (lateral/transverse) intermuscular septum that is running from the posterior septum all the way over to the medial side and that creates a superficial posterior compartment and a deep posterior compartment
transverse
The muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg are innervated by the ____ nerve
superficial fibular
The investing fascia surrounding the whole leg in the region of the lower extremity is called the ____ fascia.
crural
The foot, unlike the hand is (as/not as) compartmentalized because the septa are not as well developed.
not as
The foot is broken up into ___ layers.
four
Muscles in a (specific/different) compartment tend to have similar functions and tend to be innovated predominantly by one nerve.
specific
Initial contact of the lower extremity to the ground is _% of the GAIT cycle. So the GAIT cycle starts when your heel hits the ground.
0
If we are looking at the right foot, a whole GAIT cycle is when the (right/left) foot hits the ground for the initial contact and when it hits the ground again for the second time.
right
If we are looking at the right foot, at __% of the GAIT cycle is when the left foot makes initial contact.
50
If we are looking at the right foot, at _% of the GAIT cycle is when the right foot makes heel contact for the second time.
100
If we are looking at the right foot, from _% to _% of the GAIT cycle is the right stance phase. This is the period of time from which the right foot is on the ground.
0 to 60
The swing phase is from _% to _% of the GAIT cycle, and it is called right toe off. This is the time period where the reference foot is in the air and off of the ground.
60 to 100
So each leg during a GAIT cycle spends _% of the GAIT cycle on the ground and _% in swing in the air.
60; 40
The opposing action when our foot hits the ground in a normal GAIT cycle is the ____.
Ground Reaction Force
