Hip & Thigh

Question 1

• The acetabulum, like the glenoid, forms a socket. The acetabulum is not a true full circle. It has a circular rim around it but that rim is not a full circle. What fills the space that does not make it a true circle is what is called the ____ notch.

Answer 1

acetabular

Question 2

The hip joint is a (hinge/ball and socket) joint.

Answer 2

ball and socket

Question 3

In the hip joint, the (ball/socket) is the femoral head and the (ball/socket) is the acetabulum.

Answer 3

ball; socket

Question 4

The acetabulum has a deeper concavity than the glenoid and that provides more (mobility/stability).

Answer 4

stability

Question 5

• The acetabulum is an intersection of what three bones?

Answer 5

The ilium, ischium, and the pubis

Question 6

• The acetabulum is not fully circular, it’s more horseshoe shaped and the hyaline cartilage only covers the (entire/periphery of the) socket. The hyaline cartilage where it is attached is called the ____ portion.

Answer 6

periphery; lunate

Question 7

• The whole bony inside of the acetabulum is called the ____ fossa.

Answer 7

acetabular

Question 8

• The transverse acetabular ligament closes the ring of the acetabulum to provide that (mobility/stability). There is an acetabular labrum that is more external to the rim and this labrum is completely (hyaline cartilage/fibrocartilage) around the horseshoe part of the acetabulum and it continues with the transverse acetabular ligament and blends in with it.

Answer 8

stability; fibrocartilage

Question 9

• More centrally on the femoral head, the hyaline cartilage is (thicker/thinner) to handle body weight.

Answer 9

thicker

Question 10

• The femoral head gets its’ blood supply through the ___ and ___ arteries.

Answer 10

medial circumflex and lateral cirumflex

Question 11

• The acetabular labrum extends out further laterally beyond the greatest diameter of the femoral head and that is important because that means that the acetabular labrum has a (smaller/larger) circumference than the femoral head itself. So the largest portion of the femoral head itself is (superficial/deep) to the acetabular labrum which provides a great amount of stability.

Answer 11

smaller; deep

Question 12

• The acetabular labrum’s ring is (smaller/larger) than the femoral head.

Answer 12

smaller

Question 13

• The hip joint has a joint capsule so it is a (synovial/cartilaginous) joint.

Answer 13

synovial

Question 14

• The (fibrous/synovial) joint capsule at the hip fully covers the anterior portion of the neck of the femur and the femoral head that is exposed and covers 2/3 of the posterior portion. The (fibrous/synovial) portion does not go the full length of the neck anteriorly and it actually folds back in on itself which pins the circumflex arteries to the bone.

Answer 14

fibrous; synovial

Question 15

• The ___ and ___ arteries are firmly attached to the neck of the femur. So if someone fractures their femoral neck there is a good chance that those blood vessels will be lacerated or ruptured. And if that happens the femoral head will die.

Answer 15

medial circumflex and lateral circumflex

Question 16

• The most anterior ligament of the hip joint runs from the anterior inferior iliac spine to the intertrochanteric line and this ligament is called the (iliofemoral/pubofemoral) ligament.

Answer 16

iliofemoral

Question 17

• Due to the orientation of the fibers of the (iliofemoral/pubofemoral) ligament, it creates a Y shape and that is why it is also referred to as the Y ligament of Bigelow.

Answer 17

iliofemoral

Question 18

• The (iliofemoral/pubofemoral) ligament of the hip is running from the superior pubic ramus to the intertrochanteric line.

Answer 18

pubofemoral

Question 19

• The most posterior ligament of the hip joint is the (pubofemoral/ischiofemoral) ligament. It is running from the posterior aspect of the hip along the ischial contribution of the acetabular rim, running all the way around laterally and anteriorly to wrap around the base of the femoral neck to attach pretty much on the anterior surface.

Answer 19

ischiofemoral

Question 20

• The iliofemoral ligament resists (flexion/extension) so this ligament will be our (primary/secondary) stabilizer for hip extension.

Answer 20

extension; primary

Question 21

• The pubofemoral ligament and the ischiofemoral ligament resist (flexion/extension) of the hip.

Answer 21

extension

Question 22

• The pubofemoral ligament is in a perfect position to resist (adduction/abduction) of the hip joint as well as extension.

Answer 22

abduction

Question 23

• The ischiofemoral ligament is in a good position to resist (medial/lateral) rotation of the hip as well as extension.

Answer 23

medial

Question 24

Name the hamstring muscles.

Answer 24

Biceps femoris, semimembranosus, & semitendinosus

Question 25

• There is no single blood vessel that runs through the (anterior/posterior) thigh.

Answer 25

posterior

Question 26

• There is a tendinous region on the broad span of the adductor magnus muscle down the shaft of the femur. In the tendinous region there are some holes there that contain the blood supply, which are the perforating branches of the deep ____ artery. They are called perforating because they perforate through the adductor magnus to supply the muscles on the (anterior/posterior) thigh.

Answer 26

femoral; posterior

Question 27

• So the only blood supply going to the posterior compartment of the thigh is from the perforating arteries of the deep ____ artery.

Answer 27

femoral

Question 28

• Between the three hamstrings there are two medial hamstrings which are the semitendinosus and semimembranosus and the more lateral one being the biceps femoris. The semitendinosus is the more (superficial/deep) muscle of the medial hamstrings and the semimembranosus is the more (superficial/deeper) muscle of the medial hamstrings.

Answer 28

superficial; deeper

Question 29

• The sciatic nerve is made up of the (tibial/common fibular) (anterior division: L4-S3) and the (tibial/common fibular) (common peroneal) (posterior division: L4-S2) nerve.

Answer 29

tibial; common fibular

Question 30

• The sciatic nerve is coming down just (superior/inferior) to the piriformis muscle and runs (superficial/deep) to the hamstrings.

Answer 30

inferior; deep

Question 31

• The sciatic nerve exits the (greater/lesser) sciatic foramen.

Answer 31

greater

Question 32

• The sciatic nerve splits to the tibial and common fibular nerve around the (proximal/distal) 1/3 of the femur.

Answer 32

distal

Question 33

• When the sciatic nerve splits, the common fibular nerve comes out (medially/laterally) and the tibial nerve comes out (medially/laterally).

Answer 33

laterally; medially

Question 34

• The superficial or anterior layer of the posterior compartment medial muscles is made up of the ___ and ____ .

Answer 34

adductor longus and pectineus

Question 35

• The middle layer of the posterior compartment medial muscles is made up of one muscle called the ____.

Answer 35

adductor brevis

Question 36

• The deep or posterior layer of the posterior compartment medial muscles is made up of the _____ and the _____.

Answer 36

adductor magnus and the obturator externus

Question 37

• The innervation for the medial compartment muscles within the posterior compartment is the ____ nerve.

Answer 37

obturator

Question 38

• The obturator nerve as it exits the obturator foramen splits into an anterior and a posterior branch which then straddle the (adductor brevis/adductor magnus) as it makes its’ way down to innervate all of the muscles of the medial compartment within the posterior compartment.

Answer 38

adductor brevis

Question 39

• The superior border of the femoral triangle is made up of the ____ ligament.

Answer 39

inguinal

Question 40

• The lateral border of the femoral triangle is the ___ muscle.

Answer 40

sartorius

Question 41

• The medial border of the femoral triangle is the medial edge of the ____.

Answer 41

adductor longus

Question 42

• The floor of the femoral triangle is made up of the ___ muscle, the _____, and a small portion of the _____.

Answer 42

pectineus, adductor longus, iliopsoas

Question 43

• The contents within the femoral triangle from medial to lateral include the ____, the ______, and the _____.

Answer 43

femoral nerve, femoral artery, and the femoral vein

Question 44

• The adductor (subsartorial) canal is located at the (apex/base) of the femoral triangle.

Answer 44

apex

Question 45

• The adductor canal runs between the _____ muscle and the adductor ____ and adductor ____ muscle.

Answer 45

sartorius; longus; magnus

Question 46

• The femoral _____, femoral _____, the nerve to the vastus ____, and the ____ nerve go through the (femoral triangle/adductor canal).

Answer 46

artery; vein; medialis; saphenous; adductor canal

Question 47

• The adductor canal ends at the adductor ____, which is a site where the femoral vessels enter into the popliteal region of the knee.

Answer 47

hiatus

Question 48

• The ____ artery is the continuation of the femoral artey when it crosses through the adductor hiatus.

Answer 48

popliteal

Question 49

• Deep to the sartorius muscle is the (rectus femoris/vastus intermedius). The vastus medialis is on the (medial/lateral) side of the rectus femoris. The vastus lateralis is on the (medial/lateral) side of the rectus femoris. The vastus intermedius is (superficial/deep) to the rectus femoris.

Answer 49

rectus femoris; medial; lateral; deep