Abdomen & Inguinal Ligament

Question 1

The abdomen is the region between the ___ and ____ .

Answer 1

thorax and pelvis

Question 2

The separation between the thorax and the abdomen is the _____ diaphragm

Answer 2

respiratory

Question 3

When separating the abdomen into four quadrants, the ____ is the midpoint.

Answer 3

umbilicus

Question 4

Name the four quadrants of the abdomen

Answer 4

We have a right upper quadrant, right lower quadrant, left upper quadrant, and left lower quadrant for the abdomen.

Question 5

When we talk about the anterolateral abdominal wall, we are talking about the ____ margin that is approximately from rib _ to rib _ and the ___ process on each side

Answer 5

subcostal, rib 10 to rib 7, xiphoid

Question 6

What are the four muscles that makeup the anterolateral abdominal wall?

Answer 6

The rectus abdominis, the external oblique, the internal oblique, and the transverse abdominis

Question 7

What are the muscles from superficial to deep in the anterolateral abdominal wall ?

Answer 7

The rectus abdominis, the external oblique, the internal oblique, and the transverse abdominis

Question 8

The rectus abdominis is encased in a tendinous sheath or aponeurosis of the other (2/3) anterolateral abdominal wall muscles.

Answer 8

3

Question 9

The 3 aponeurosis’ are fused along the midline at what is called the ____ and they are fused at what is called the ____ . They split again. They surround the rectus abdominis and reattach and refuse at the linea alba.

Answer 9

linea alba; semi lunar line

Question 10

As the external oblique runs down in an inferomedial direction, the outer layer of the sheath definitely (does not have/has) external oblique aponeurosis in it, but we can’t say for sure how much of the internal oblique aponeurosis and how much of the transverse abdominis aponeurosis is in it.

Answer 10

has

Question 11

The (external oblique/rectus abdominis) is a vertically oriented muscle that runs from the subcostal margin to the superior ramus and body of the pubic bone

Answer 11

rectus abdominis

Question 12

There are transverse intersections of tendon on the (rectus abdominis/internal oblique) and what this does is it separates the muscle into variably distinct segments and that allows for a change in pull of the muscle as it contracts at each segment.

Answer 12

rectus abdominis

Question 13

The (internal oblique/external oblique) has an inferomedial fiber orientation.

Answer 13

external oblique

Question 14

The (rectus abdominis/external oblique) has multiple attachment sites and it is covering the entire anterolateral abdominal wall. It is the most external component.

Answer 14

external oblique

Question 15

The (rectus abdominis/internal oblique) has a superomedial fiber orientation and almost a 90-degree change in orientation from the fibers of the external oblique.

Answer 15

internal oblique

Question 16

The internal oblique is attached to part of the inguinal ligament (not distally), but as it comes through the inferior portion of the abdomen, it joins with the transverse abdominis tendon and creates what is called the ____ tendon.

Answer 16

conjoint

Question 17

The internal oblique covers (the entire/ half of the) anterolateral abdominal wall.

Answer 17

the entire

Question 18

The internal oblique runs further (anteriorly/posteriorly) than the external oblique and it attaches to the thoracolumbar fascia.

Answer 18

posteriorly

Question 19

The thoracolumbar fascia has this combined connection with what two muscles in the anterolateral abdominal wall? Those two muscles will surround the quadratus lumborum with its anterior layer and middle layer. So there is a connection with these two muscles to lumbar stability. When it contracts it will pull on the thoracolumbar fascia and that is going to effect spinal stability.

Answer 19

The internal oblique and transverse abdominis

Question 20

If we go with standing position (up right anatomic position) and I draw a line of pull. If the internal oblique contracts, the moving component is the (pelvis/thorax) and the line of pull is (contralateral/ipsilateral).

Answer 20

thorax; ipsilateral

Question 21

So, when we are in anatomical neutral with feet on the ground and we contract our left internal oblique, it is going to contract to the (right/left)

Answer 21

left

Question 22

If the thorax is the moving component, the right external oblique when contracted will pull the thorax to the (right/left).

Answer 22

left

Question 23

The left internal oblique and the right external oblique can work (against each other/synergistically) together to turn the trunk.

Answer 23

synergistically

Question 24

In anatomic neutral with our feet on the ground, using the trunk as the moving component, the external obliques when it contracts will turn the trunk (contralaterally/ipsilaterally).

Answer 24

contralaterally

Question 25

In anatomic neutral with our feet on the ground, using the trunk as the moving component, the internal obliques when it contracts will turn the trunk (contralaterally/ipsilaterally).

Answer 25

ipsilaterally

Question 26

In anatomic neutral with our feet on the ground, using the pelvis as the moving component, the internal obliques when it contracts will turn the trunk (contralaterally/ipsilaterally).

Answer 26

Contralaterally

Question 26

In anatomic neutral with our feet on the ground, using the pelvis as the moving component, the external obliques when it contracts will turn the trunk (contralaterally/ipsilaterally).

Answer 26

Ipsilaterally

Question 27

If the internal oblique and external oblique on the same side contract, you are going to get a (rotation/side bend) versus gravity.

Answer 27

side bend

Question 28

A synergistic action between the internal and external obliques will go in the direction of the (external/internal) oblique if the thorax is the moving component.

Answer 28

internal

Question 29

The transverse abdominus along with the internal oblique join with the thoracolumbar fascia (anteriorly/posteriorly). (Anteriorly/posteriorly) they join together at the conjoint tendon.

Answer 29

posteriorly; anteriorly

Question 30

The conjoint tendon can be found (inferior/superior) to the superficial ring of the inguinal canal and you are going to find it (superficial/deep) to the external oblique aponeurosis and (medial/lateral) to the rectus abdominis.

Answer 30

superior; deep; lateral

Question 31

The nerves and blood vessels of the anterolateral abdominal wall will run in-between what two muscles?

Answer 31

The internal oblique and transverse abdominis

Question 32

The ventral rami that are coming around anteriorly from T7-T11 are known as ___ nerves because they run around the ribs. But when they enter the abdomen as they continue along their path and enter the abdomen, they become the ___ nerves.

Answer 32

intercostal; thoraco-abdominal

Question 33

The T12 intercostal nerve is called the ____ nerve and it continues to the posterior abdominal wall and helps supply the anterolateral abdominal wall muscles.

Answer 33

subcostal

Question 34

The subcostal artery is at the level of T_.

Answer 34

12

Question 35

Anything that has the name SUBcostal means that it is below the level of T_.

Answer 35

12

Question 36

The lumbar portion of the lumbosacral plexus (lumbar plexus) originates inside the ____ muscle .

Answer 36

psoas major

Question 37

The psoas major and quadratus lumborum aid in lumbar (mobility/stability).

Answer 37

stability

Question 38

The inguinal ligament runs from the ____ to the _____

Answer 38

ASIS to the pubic tubercle

Question 39

The inguinal canal is located (superior/inferior) to the inguinal ligament

Answer 39

superior

Question 40

The midpoint of the inguinal ligament is the location of the (superficial/deep) inguinal ring

Answer 40

deep

Question 41

From the midpoint of the inguinal ligament, just lateral to the pubic tubercle (4-5 cm long, sloping inferomedially) is the ____ canal.

Answer 41

inguinal

Question 42

The inguinal canal is (on top of/under) the inguinal ligament and the inguinal ligament is a part of the inguinal canal. The inguinal canal is not the full length of the inguinal ligament.

Answer 42

on top of

Question 43

The inguinal ligament is part of the (internal/external) oblique aponeurosis. It is a thickening of the most inferior portion of the (internal/external) oblique to create that inguinal ligament.

Answer 43

external; external

Question 44

At the transversalis fascia is where you are going to find the (superficial/deep) inguinal ring.

Answer 44

deep

Question 45

The deep inguinal ring is found more (medial/lateral) to the superficial inguinal ring.

Answer 45

lateral

Question 46

The superficial ring of the inguinal canal comes out through the (internal/external) oblique aponeurosis.

Answer 46

external

Question 47

What makes up the floor of the inguinal canal ?

Answer 47

The inguinal ligament

Question 48

What makes up the roof of the inguinal canal?

Answer 48

The internal oblique and the transverse abdominis

Question 49

What makes up the anterior wall of the inguinal canal?

Answer 49

The external oblique aponeurosis

Question 50

What makes up the posterior wall of the inguinal canal?

Answer 50

The transversalis fascia, the inferior fibers of the internal oblique, and the conjoint tendon

Question 51

The (superficial/deep) ring of the inguinal canal is a defect (there is a hole and it is not perfectly covered like it is supposed to be) of the external oblique aponeurosis and it’s an actual ring.

Answer 51

superficial

Question 52

The (superficial/deep) inguinal ring is a depression more than a hole.

Answer 52

deep

Question 53

The superficial inguinal ring and deep inguinal ring (do not overlap/ overlap) and that’s important because if they overlap and you increase your abdominal pressure, a lot of stuff would come right out of the hole, so this is a way of keeping stuff in the pelvic cavity versus letting it shoot outside.

Answer 53

do not overlap

Question 54

As we contract our (internal/external) oblique muscle, we are compressing the superficial ring against the posterior abdominal wall.

Answer 54

external

Question 55

The idea of the ___ canal is to get certain things out of the pelvic cavity to the external environment, but not allow things that aren’t supposed to come out slide out.

Answer 55

inguinal

Question 56

The ___ cord exits the superficial ring and this cord contains the ductus deferens and associated blood vessels and lymph nodes

Answer 56

spermatic

Question 57

You will find the spermatic cord and a branch of the ilioinguinal nerve coming out of the superficial ring of the inguinal canal for a biological (male/female).

Answer 57

male

Question 58

You will find the round ligament of the uterus and the branch of the ilioinguinal nerve coming out of the superficial ring of the inguinal canal for a biological (male/female).

Answer 58

female

Question 59

In an (direct/indirect) inguinal hernia, what is coming out, is coming through that canal.

Answer 59

indirect

Question 60

In a (direct/indirect) inguinal hernia, what is coming out, is coming out next to the canal.

Answer 60

direct

Question 61

The (direct/indirect) inguinal hernia is the more common hernia and the hernia they used to perform in sports physicals.

Answer 61

indirect

Question 62

A (direct/indirect) inguinal hernia is where there is a weakness in the abdominal wall muscles and it pushes through them and exits through the superficial inguinal ring in the process.

Answer 62

direct

Question 63

An (direct/indirect) inguinal hernia can be formed if pressure builds up in the abdomen and if there is any opening in the deep inguinal ring it is going to get pushed into the canal and as the pressure keeps building up it can work its’ way down the canal.

Answer 63

indirect

Question 64

A (direct/indirect) inguinal hernia means you tore something in the abdomen wall or you had a defect there that no one knew about and the increased intrabdominal pressure pushed it out.

Answer 64

direct

Question 65

For athletic pubalgia (sports hernia), what we know for sure is that there is a weakness or deficit of some sort in the ___ region but there’s no actual herniation of the tissue. There are no intestines coming out.

Answer 65

inguinal

Question 66

In athletic pubalgia there are many tendons and ligaments coming together and they are all pulling on each other, and when there’s weakness in one it is going to lead to (increased/decreased) tension on the other and that is when patients end up with athletic pubalgia.

Answer 66

increased

Question 67

The spleen is in the (right/left) (upper/lower) quadrant of the abdominal viscera

Answer 67

left upper

Question 68

Half of the descending colon is in the (right/left) upper quadrant and (right/left) lower quadrant of the abdominal viscera

Answer 68

left; left

Question 69

The kidneys are found in the right and left posterior abdominal wall and found in the right and left (upper/lower) quadrants of the abdominal viscera

Answer 69

upper

Question 70

The stomach is found in the (right/left) (upper/lower) quadrant of the abdominal viscera

Answer 70

left upper

Question 71

The liver is found in the (right/lower) (upper/lower) quadrant of the abdominal viscera

Answer 71

right upper

Question 72

The ascending colon is in the (right/left) upper and lower quadrant of the abdominal viscera

Answer 72

Right

Question 73

The duodenum is in the (right/left) (upper/lower) quadrant of the abdominal viscera

Answer 73

right upper

Question 74

The abdominal aortic artery runs right down the midline of your vertebral bodies (T__ - L_).

Answer 74

T12-L4

Question 75

You will find the uterus in the (abdominal/pelvic) cavity for biological females.

Answer 75

pelvic

Question 76

You will find the urinary bladder in the (abdominal/pelvic) cavity for both biological males and females.

Answer 76

pelvic

Question 77

The greater ___ is part of the (parietal/ visceral) peritoneum that makes up the surrounding lining or internal surface of the abdominal pelvic wall.

Answer 77

omentum; visceral

Question 78

The (parietal/visceral) peritoneum is very large and covers the whole area on the inner wall

Answer 78

parietal

Question 79

The (parietal/visceral) peritoneum is smaller than the parietal peritoneum and covers each individual organ.

Answer 79

visceral

Question 80

The (parietal/visceral) peritoneum lines the internal abdominal pelvic wall and the (parietal/visceral) peritoneum lines the actual viscera themselves, so it is two layers.

Answer 80

parietal; visceral

Question 81

To get to the spleen you have to move the ___

Answer 81

stomach

Question 82

The kidneys are retroperitoneal, they sit (in front of/behind) the (parietal/visceral) peritoneum in the right and left quadrants of the abdominal viscera.

Answer 82

behind; parietal

Question 83

At L_, the abdominal aorta splits into common iliac arteries.

Answer 83

4

Question 84

You will find the fallopian tube (uterine tube) in the (abdominal/pelvic) cavity for biological females.

Answer 84

pelvic