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anatomy ii > Abdomen & Inguinal Ligament > Flashcards

Abdomen & Inguinal Ligament Flashcards

1
Q

The abdomen is the region between the ___ and ____ .

A

thorax and pelvis

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2
Q

The separation between the thorax and the abdomen is the _____ diaphragm

A

respiratory

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3
Q

When separating the abdomen into four quadrants, the ____ is the midpoint.

A

umbilicus

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4
Q

Name the four quadrants of the abdomen

A

We have a right upper quadrant, right lower quadrant, left upper quadrant, and left lower quadrant for the abdomen.

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5
Q

When we talk about the anterolateral abdominal wall, we are talking about the ____ margin that is approximately from rib _ to rib _ and the ___ process on each side

A

subcostal, rib 10 to rib 7, xiphoid

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6
Q

What are the four muscles that makeup the anterolateral abdominal wall?

A

The rectus abdominis, the external oblique, the internal oblique, and the transverse abdominis

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7
Q

What are the muscles from superficial to deep in the anterolateral abdominal wall ?

A

The rectus abdominis, the external oblique, the internal oblique, and the transverse abdominis

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8
Q

The rectus abdominis is encased in a tendinous sheath or aponeurosis of the other (2/3) anterolateral abdominal wall muscles.

A

3

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9
Q

The 3 aponeurosis’ are fused along the midline at what is called the ____ and they are fused at what is called the ____ . They split again. They surround the rectus abdominis and reattach and refuse at the linea alba.

A

linea alba; semi lunar line

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10
Q

As the external oblique runs down in an inferomedial direction, the outer layer of the sheath definitely (does not have/has) external oblique aponeurosis in it, but we can’t say for sure how much of the internal oblique aponeurosis and how much of the transverse abdominis aponeurosis is in it.

A

has

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11
Q

The (external oblique/rectus abdominis) is a vertically oriented muscle that runs from the subcostal margin to the superior ramus and body of the pubic bone

A

rectus abdominis

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12
Q

There are transverse intersections of tendon on the (rectus abdominis/internal oblique) and what this does is it separates the muscle into variably distinct segments and that allows for a change in pull of the muscle as it contracts at each segment.

A

rectus abdominis

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13
Q

The (internal oblique/external oblique) has an inferomedial fiber orientation.

A

external oblique

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14
Q

The (rectus abdominis/external oblique) has multiple attachment sites and it is covering the entire anterolateral abdominal wall. It is the most external component.

A

external oblique

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15
Q

The (rectus abdominis/internal oblique) has a superomedial fiber orientation and almost a 90-degree change in orientation from the fibers of the external oblique.

A

internal oblique

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16
Q

The internal oblique is attached to part of the inguinal ligament (not distally), but as it comes through the inferior portion of the abdomen, it joins with the transverse abdominis tendon and creates what is called the ____ tendon.

A

conjoint

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17
Q

The internal oblique covers (the entire/ half of the) anterolateral abdominal wall.

A

the entire

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18
Q

The internal oblique runs further (anteriorly/posteriorly) than the external oblique and it attaches to the thoracolumbar fascia.

A

posteriorly

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19
Q

The thoracolumbar fascia has this combined connection with what two muscles in the anterolateral abdominal wall? Those two muscles will surround the quadratus lumborum with its anterior layer and middle layer. So there is a connection with these two muscles to lumbar stability. When it contracts it will pull on the thoracolumbar fascia and that is going to effect spinal stability.

A

The internal oblique and transverse abdominis

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20
Q

If we go with standing position (up right anatomic position) and I draw a line of pull. If the internal oblique contracts, the moving component is the (pelvis/thorax) and the line of pull is (contralateral/ipsilateral).

A

thorax; ipsilateral

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21
Q

So, when we are in anatomical neutral with feet on the ground and we contract our left internal oblique, it is going to contract to the (right/left)

A

left

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22
Q

If the thorax is the moving component, the right external oblique when contracted will pull the thorax to the (right/left).

A

left

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23
Q

The left internal oblique and the right external oblique can work (against each other/synergistically) together to turn the trunk.

A

synergistically

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24
Q

In anatomic neutral with our feet on the ground, using the trunk as the moving component, the external obliques when it contracts will turn the trunk (contralaterally/ipsilaterally).

A

contralaterally

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25
Q

In anatomic neutral with our feet on the ground, using the trunk as the moving component, the internal obliques when it contracts will turn the trunk (contralaterally/ipsilaterally).

A

ipsilaterally

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26
Q

In anatomic neutral with our feet on the ground, using the pelvis as the moving component, the internal obliques when it contracts will turn the trunk (contralaterally/ipsilaterally).

A

Contralaterally

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26
Q

In anatomic neutral with our feet on the ground, using the pelvis as the moving component, the external obliques when it contracts will turn the trunk (contralaterally/ipsilaterally).

A

Ipsilaterally

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27
Q

If the internal oblique and external oblique on the same side contract, you are going to get a (rotation/side bend) versus gravity.

A

side bend

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28
Q

A synergistic action between the internal and external obliques will go in the direction of the (external/internal) oblique if the thorax is the moving component.

A

internal

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29
Q

The transverse abdominus along with the internal oblique join with the thoracolumbar fascia (anteriorly/posteriorly). (Anteriorly/posteriorly) they join together at the conjoint tendon.

A

posteriorly; anteriorly

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30
Q

The conjoint tendon can be found (inferior/superior) to the superficial ring of the inguinal canal and you are going to find it (superficial/deep) to the external oblique aponeurosis and (medial/lateral) to the rectus abdominis.

A

superior; deep; lateral

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31
Q

The nerves and blood vessels of the anterolateral abdominal wall will run in-between what two muscles?

A

The internal oblique and transverse abdominis

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32
Q

The ventral rami that are coming around anteriorly from T7-T11 are known as ___ nerves because they run around the ribs. But when they enter the abdomen as they continue along their path and enter the abdomen, they become the ___ nerves.

A

intercostal; thoraco-abdominal

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33
Q

The T12 intercostal nerve is called the ____ nerve and it continues to the posterior abdominal wall and helps supply the anterolateral abdominal wall muscles.

A

subcostal

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34
Q

The subcostal artery is at the level of T_.

A

12

35
Q

Anything that has the name SUBcostal means that it is below the level of T_.

A

12

36
Q

The lumbar portion of the lumbosacral plexus (lumbar plexus) originates inside the ____ muscle .

A

psoas major

37
Q

The psoas major and quadratus lumborum aid in lumbar (mobility/stability).

A

stability

38
Q

The inguinal ligament runs from the ____ to the _____

A

ASIS to the pubic tubercle

39
Q

The inguinal canal is located (superior/inferior) to the inguinal ligament

A

superior

40
Q

The midpoint of the inguinal ligament is the location of the (superficial/deep) inguinal ring

A

deep

41
Q

From the midpoint of the inguinal ligament, just lateral to the pubic tubercle (4-5 cm long, sloping inferomedially) is the ____ canal.

A

inguinal

42
Q

The inguinal canal is (on top of/under) the inguinal ligament and the inguinal ligament is a part of the inguinal canal. The inguinal canal is not the full length of the inguinal ligament.

A

on top of

43
Q

The inguinal ligament is part of the (internal/external) oblique aponeurosis. It is a thickening of the most inferior portion of the (internal/external) oblique to create that inguinal ligament.

A

external; external

44
Q

At the transversalis fascia is where you are going to find the (superficial/deep) inguinal ring.

A

deep

45
Q

The deep inguinal ring is found more (medial/lateral) to the superficial inguinal ring.

A

lateral

46
Q

The superficial ring of the inguinal canal comes out through the (internal/external) oblique aponeurosis.

A

external

47
Q

What makes up the floor of the inguinal canal ?

A

The inguinal ligament

48
Q

What makes up the roof of the inguinal canal?

A

The internal oblique and the transverse abdominis

49
Q

What makes up the anterior wall of the inguinal canal?

A

The external oblique aponeurosis

50
Q

What makes up the posterior wall of the inguinal canal?

A

The transversalis fascia, the inferior fibers of the internal oblique, and the conjoint tendon

51
Q

The (superficial/deep) ring of the inguinal canal is a defect (there is a hole and it is not perfectly covered like it is supposed to be) of the external oblique aponeurosis and it’s an actual ring.

A

superficial

52
Q

The (superficial/deep) inguinal ring is a depression more than a hole.

A

deep

53
Q

The superficial inguinal ring and deep inguinal ring (do not overlap/ overlap) and that’s important because if they overlap and you increase your abdominal pressure, a lot of stuff would come right out of the hole, so this is a way of keeping stuff in the pelvic cavity versus letting it shoot outside.

A

do not overlap

54
Q

As we contract our (internal/external) oblique muscle, we are compressing the superficial ring against the posterior abdominal wall.

A

external

55
Q

The idea of the ___ canal is to get certain things out of the pelvic cavity to the external environment, but not allow things that aren’t supposed to come out slide out.

A

inguinal

56
Q

The ___ cord exits the superficial ring and this cord contains the ductus deferens and associated blood vessels and lymph nodes

A

spermatic

57
Q

You will find the spermatic cord and a branch of the ilioinguinal nerve coming out of the superficial ring of the inguinal canal for a biological (male/female).

A

male

58
Q

You will find the round ligament of the uterus and the branch of the ilioinguinal nerve coming out of the superficial ring of the inguinal canal for a biological (male/female).

A

female

59
Q

In an (direct/indirect) inguinal hernia, what is coming out, is coming through that canal.

A

indirect

60
Q

In a (direct/indirect) inguinal hernia, what is coming out, is coming out next to the canal.

A

direct

61
Q

The (direct/indirect) inguinal hernia is the more common hernia and the hernia they used to perform in sports physicals.

A

indirect

62
Q

A (direct/indirect) inguinal hernia is where there is a weakness in the abdominal wall muscles and it pushes through them and exits through the superficial inguinal ring in the process.

A

direct

63
Q

An (direct/indirect) inguinal hernia can be formed if pressure builds up in the abdomen and if there is any opening in the deep inguinal ring it is going to get pushed into the canal and as the pressure keeps building up it can work its’ way down the canal.

A

indirect

64
Q

A (direct/indirect) inguinal hernia means you tore something in the abdomen wall or you had a defect there that no one knew about and the increased intrabdominal pressure pushed it out.

A

direct

65
Q

For athletic pubalgia (sports hernia), what we know for sure is that there is a weakness or deficit of some sort in the ___ region but there’s no actual herniation of the tissue. There are no intestines coming out.

A

inguinal

66
Q

In athletic pubalgia there are many tendons and ligaments coming together and they are all pulling on each other, and when there’s weakness in one it is going to lead to (increased/decreased) tension on the other and that is when patients end up with athletic pubalgia.

A

increased

67
Q

The spleen is in the (right/left) (upper/lower) quadrant of the abdominal viscera

A

left upper

68
Q

Half of the descending colon is in the (right/left) upper quadrant and (right/left) lower quadrant of the abdominal viscera

A

left; left

69
Q

The kidneys are found in the right and left posterior abdominal wall and found in the right and left (upper/lower) quadrants of the abdominal viscera

A

upper

70
Q

The stomach is found in the (right/left) (upper/lower) quadrant of the abdominal viscera

A

left upper

71
Q

The liver is found in the (right/lower) (upper/lower) quadrant of the abdominal viscera

A

right upper

72
Q

The ascending colon is in the (right/left) upper and lower quadrant of the abdominal viscera

A

Right

73
Q

The duodenum is in the (right/left) (upper/lower) quadrant of the abdominal viscera

A

right upper

74
Q

The abdominal aortic artery runs right down the midline of your vertebral bodies (T__ - L_).

A

T12-L4

75
Q

You will find the uterus in the (abdominal/pelvic) cavity for biological females.

A

pelvic

76
Q

You will find the urinary bladder in the (abdominal/pelvic) cavity for both biological males and females.

A

pelvic

77
Q

The greater ___ is part of the (parietal/ visceral) peritoneum that makes up the surrounding lining or internal surface of the abdominal pelvic wall.

A

omentum; visceral

78
Q

The (parietal/visceral) peritoneum is very large and covers the whole area on the inner wall

A

parietal

79
Q

The (parietal/visceral) peritoneum is smaller than the parietal peritoneum and covers each individual organ.

A

visceral

80
Q

The (parietal/visceral) peritoneum lines the internal abdominal pelvic wall and the (parietal/visceral) peritoneum lines the actual viscera themselves, so it is two layers.

A

parietal; visceral

81
Q

To get to the spleen you have to move the ___

A

stomach

82
Q

The kidneys are retroperitoneal, they sit (in front of/behind) the (parietal/visceral) peritoneum in the right and left quadrants of the abdominal viscera.

A

behind; parietal

83
Q

At L_, the abdominal aorta splits into common iliac arteries.

A

4

84
Q

You will find the fallopian tube (uterine tube) in the (abdominal/pelvic) cavity for biological females.

A

pelvic

anatomy ii (13 decks)

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