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Anatomy II > Actions/Origins/Insertions/Innervations > Flashcards

Actions/Origins/Insertions/Innervations Flashcards

1
Q

What is the action of the external oblique?

A

It compresses and supports the abdominal viscera and flexes and rotates the trunk

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2
Q

What is the origin of the external oblique?

A

External surface of the 5th-12th ribs

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3
Q

What is the insertion of the external oblique?

A

Anterior half of the iliac crest, linea alba, and pubic tubercle

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4
Q

What is the innervation of the external oblique?

A

Thoraco-abdominal and subcostal nerves (anterior rami of T7-T12 spinal nerves)

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5
Q

What is the action of the internal oblique?

A

Compresses and supports the abdominal viscera and flexes and rotates the trunk

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6
Q

What is the origin of the internal oblique?

A

Anterior 2/3s of the iliac crest, the thoracolumbar fascia, and connective tissue deep to the inguinal ligament

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7
Q

What is the insertion of the internal oblique?

A

The inferior borders of the 10th-12th ribs, linea alba, and pubis via the conjoint tendon

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8
Q

What is the innervation of the internal oblique?

A

The thoraco-abdominal nerves (anterior rami of T7-T11), subcostal, and first lumbar nerve

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9
Q

What is the action of the transversus abdominis?

A

It compresses and supports the abdominal viscera

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10
Q

What is the origin of the transversus abdominis?

A

The internal surfaces of the 7th-12th costal cartilages, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, and connective tissue deep to the inguinal ligament

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11
Q

What is the insertion of the transversus abdominis?

A

The aponeurosis of the internal oblique, linea alba, pubic crest, and pubis via the conjoint tendon

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12
Q

What is the innervation of the transversus abdominis?

A

The thoraco-abdominal nerves (anterior rami of T7-T11), the subcostal, and first lumbar nerve

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13
Q

What is the action of the rectus abdominis?

A

It flexes the trunk (lumbar vertebrae), compresses the abdominal viscera, and stabilizes and controls the tilt of the pelvis (antilordosis)

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14
Q

What is the origin of the rectus abdominis?

A

The pubic crest and pubic symphysis

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15
Q

What is the insertion of the rectus abdominis?

A

The xiphoid process and 5th-7th costal cartilages

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16
Q

What is the innervation of the rectus abdominis?

A

The thoraco-abdominal and subcostal nerves (anterior rami of T7-T12 spinal nerves)

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17
Q

What is the action of the psoas major?

A

Acting inferiorly with the iliacus it flexes the thigh; acting superiorly, it laterally flexes the vertebral column to balance the trunk; when sitting, it acts inferiorly with the iliacus to flex the trunk.

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18
Q

What is the superior attachment of the psoas major?

A

The transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae, the sides of the bodies of the T12-S1 vertebrae and the intervening IV discs

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19
Q

What is the inferior attachment of the psoas major?

A

By a strong tendon to the lesser trochanter of the femur

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20
Q

What is the innervation of the psoas major?

A

The lumbar plexus via the anterior branches of nerves L2-L4

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21
Q

What is the action of the iliacus?

A

It flexes the thigh and stabilizes the hip joint and it acts with the psoas major

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22
Q

What is the superior attachment of the iliacus?

A

The superior 2/3 of the iliac fossa, ala of the sacrum, and the anterior sacro-iliac ligaments

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23
Q

What is the inferior attachment of the iliacus?

A

The lesser trochanter of the femur, shaft inferior to it, and to the psoas major tendon

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24
Q

What is the innervation of the iliacus ?

A

The femoral nerve (L2-L4)

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25
Q

What is the action of the quadratus lumborum?

A

It extends and laterally flexes the vertebral column and fixes the 12th rib during inspiration

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26
Q

What is the superior attachment of the quadratus lumborum?

A

The medial half of the inferior border of the 12th rib and tips of the transverse processes of the lumbar

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27
Q

What is the inferior attachment of the quadratus lumborum?

A

The iliolumbar ligament and internal lip of the iliac crest

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28
Q

What is the innervation of the quadratus lumborum?

A

The anterior branches of T12 and L1-L4 nerves

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29
Q

What is the action of the gluteus maximus?

A

It extends the hip joint and assists in its lateral rotation.

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30
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the gluteus maximus?

A

The ilium posterior to the posterior gluteal line, the posterior surface of the sacrum and coccyx, and the sacrotuberous ligament

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31
Q

What is the distal attachment of the gluteus maximus?

A

Most fibers end in the iliotibial tract, which inserts into the lateral condyle of the tibia and some fibers insert on the gluteal tuberosity of the femur.

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32
Q

What is the innervation of the gluteus maximus?

A

The inferior gluteal nerve (L5-S2)

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33
Q

What is the action of the gluteus medius?

A

It abducts the hip joint and the anterior portions medially rotate the hip joint. It also keeps the pelvis level when the opposite limb is elevated

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34
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the gluteus medius?

A

The external surface of the ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines

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35
Q

What is the distal attachment of the gluteus medius?

A

The lateral surface of the greater trochanter of the femur

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36
Q

What is the innervation of the gluteus medius?

A

The superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)

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37
Q

What is the action of the gluteus minimus?

A

It abducts the hip joint and the anterior portions medially rotate the hip joint. It also helps keep the pelvis level when the opposite limb is elevated.

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38
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the gluteus minimus?

A

The external surface of the ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines

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39
Q

What is the distal attachment of the gluteus minimus?

A

The anterior surface of the greater trochanter of the femur

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40
Q

What is the innervation of the gluteus minimus?

A

The superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)

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41
Q

What is the action of the tensor fasciae latae ?

A

It flexes the hip joint and acts with the gluteus maximus to stabilize the extended knee joint

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42
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the tensor fasciae latae?

A

The anterior superior iliac spine and anterior part of the iliac crest

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43
Q

What is the distal attachment of the tensor fasciae latae?

A

The iliotibial tract

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44
Q

What is the innervation of the tensor fasciae latae?

A

The superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)

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45
Q

What is the action of the piriformis?

A

It laterally rotates the extended hip joint and abducts the flexed hip joint

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46
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the piriformis?

A

The anterior surface of the 2nd - 4th sacral segments and the superior margin of the greater sciatic notch and sacrotuberous ligament

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47
Q

What is the distal attachment of the piriformis ?

A

The superior border of the greater trochanter of the femur

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48
Q

What is the innervation of the piriformis ?

A

The branches of anterior rami of S1-S2

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49
Q

What is the action of the superior gemellus?

A

It laterally rotates the extended hip joint and abducts the flexed hip joint

50
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the superior gemellus?

A

The ischial spine

51
Q

What is the distal attachment of the superior gemellus?

A

The medial surface of the greater trochanter of the femur

52
Q

What is the innervation of the superior gemellus?

A

Nerve to the obturator internus (L5-S1)

53
Q

What is the action of the obturator internus?

A

It laterally rotates the extended hip joint and abducts the flexed hip joint

54
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the obturator internus?

A

The pelvic surface of the ilium and ischium and the obturator membrane

55
Q

What is the distal attachment of the obturator internus?

A

The medial surface of the greater trochanter of the femur

56
Q

What is the innervation of the obturator internus?

A

The nerve to the obturator internus (L5-S1)

57
Q

What is the action of the inferior gemellus?

A

It laterally rotates the extended hip joint and abducts the flexed hip joint

58
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the inferior gemellus?

A

The ischial tuberosity

59
Q

What is the distal attachment of the inferior gemellus?

A

The medial surface of the greater trochanter of the femur

60
Q

What is the innervation of the inferior gemellus?

A

The nerve to the quadratus femoris (L5-S1)

61
Q

What is the action of the quadratus femoris?

A

It laterally rotates the hip joint

62
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the quadratus femoris?

A

The lateral border of the ischial tuberosity

63
Q

What is the distal attachment of the quadratus femoris?

A

The quadrate tubercle on the intertrochanteric crest of the femur and the area inferior to it

64
Q

What is the innervation of the quadratus femoris?

A

The nerve to the quadratus femoris (L5-S1)

65
Q

What is the action of the biceps femoris?

A

It flexes the knee joint and rotates it laterally when the knee is flexed. It also extends the hip joint.

66
Q

What is the proximal attachment for the short head and long head of the biceps femoris?

A

Short head:
The linea aspera and lateral supracondylar line of the femur.
Long head:
The ischial tuberosity

67
Q

What is the distal attachment of the biceps femoris?

A

The lateral side of the head of the fibula

68
Q

What is the innervation of the biceps femoris for the short head and long head?

A

Short head:
Common fibular division of the sciatic nerve (L5-S2)
Long head:
Tibial division of the sciatic nerve (L5-S2)

69
Q

What is the action of the semitendinosus?

A

It flexes the knee joint and medially rotates the leg when the knee is flexed. It also extends the hip joint.

70
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the semitendinosus?

A

The ischial tuberosity

71
Q

What is the distal attachment of the semitendinosus?

A

The medial surface of the superior part of the tibia

72
Q

What is the innervation of the semitendinosus?

A

The tibial division of the sciatic nerve (L5-S2)

73
Q

What is the action of the semimembranosus?

A

It flexes the knee joint and medially rotates the leg when the knee is flexed. It also extends the hip joint.

74
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the semimembranosus?

A

The ischial tuberosity

75
Q

What is the distal attachment of the semimembranosus?

A

The posterior part of the medial condyle of the tibia

76
Q

What is the innervation of the semimembranosus?

A

The tibial division of the sciatic nerve (L5-S2)

77
Q

What is the action of the sartorius?

A

It flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates the hip joint and also flexes the knee joint

78
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the sartorius?

A

The anterior superior iliac spine and the superior part of the notch inferior to it

79
Q

What is the distal attachment of the sartorius?

A

The medial surface of the superior part of the tibia

80
Q

What is the innervation of the sartorius?

A

The femoral nerve (L2-L3)

81
Q

What is the action of the rectus femoris?

A

It flexes the hip joint and extends the knee joint

82
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the rectus femoris?

A

The anterior inferior iliac spine and the ilium superior to the acetabulum

83
Q

What is the distal attachment of the rectus femoris?

A

The tibial tuberosity

84
Q

What is the innervation of the rectus femoris?

A

The femoral nerve (L2-L4)

85
Q

What is the action of the vastus lateralis?

A

It flexes the hip joint and extends the knee joint

86
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the vastus lateralis ?

A

The greater trochanter and the lateral lip of the linea aspera

87
Q

What is the distal attachment of the vastus lateralis?

A

The tibial tuberosity

88
Q

What is the innervation of the vastus lateralis?

A

The femoral nerve (L2-L4)

89
Q

What is the action of the vastus medialis?

A

It flexes the hip joint and extends the knee joint

90
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the vastus medialis?

A

The intertrochanteric line and the medial lip of the linea aspera

91
Q

What is the distal attachment of the vastus medialis?

A

The tibial tuberosity

92
Q

What is the innervation of the vastus medialis?

A

The femoral nerve (L2-L4)

93
Q

What is the action of the vastus intermedius?

A

It flexes the hip joint and extends the knee joint

94
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the vastus intermedius?

A

The anterior and lateral surfaces of the shaft of the femur

95
Q

What is the distal attachment of the vastus intermedius?

A

The tibial tuberosity

96
Q

What is the innervation of the vastus intermedius?

A

The femoral nerve (L2-L4)

97
Q

What is the action of the pectineus?

A

It adducts and flexes the hip joint and assists in medial rotation of the hip joint

98
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the pectineus?

A

The superior ramus of the pubis

99
Q

What is the distal attachment of the pectineus?

A

The pectineal line of the femur

100
Q

What is the innervation of the pectineus?

A

The femoral nerve (L2-L3)

101
Q

What is the action of the adductor longus?

A

It adducts the hip joint

102
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the adductor longus?

A

The body of pubis inferior to the pubic crest

103
Q

What is the distal attachment of the adductor longus?

A

The middle 1/3 of the linea aspera of the femur

104
Q

What is the innervation of the adductor longus?

A

The obturator nerve (L2-L4)

105
Q

What is the action of the adductor brevis?

A

It adducts the hip joint and barely flexes it

106
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the adductor brevis?

A

The body of pubis and inferior ramus of the pubis

107
Q

What is the distal attachment of the adductor brevis?

A

The pectineal line and proximal part of the linea aspera of the femur

108
Q

What is the innervation of the adductor brevis?

A

The obturator nerve (L2-L4)

109
Q

What is the action of the adductor magnus, as well as for the adductor part and hamstring part?

A

It adducts the hip joint, the adductor part flexes the hip joint, and the hamstring part extends it

110
Q

What is the proximal attachment for the adductor magnus for the adductor part and the hamstring part?

A

Adductor part: Inferior ramus of the pubis and the ramus of the ischium.
Hamstring part: The ischial tuberosity

111
Q

What is the distal attachment for the adductor magnus for the adductor part and the hamstring part?

A

Adductor part: Gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera, and medial supracondylar line.
Hamstring part: Adductor tubercle of the femur

112
Q

What is the innervation for the adductor magnus for the adductor part and the hamstring part?

A

Adductor part: Obturator nerve (L2-L4).

Hamstring part: Tibial part of the sciatic nerve (L4).

113
Q

What is the action of the gracilis?

A

It adducts the hip joint, flexes the knee joint and medially rotates it

114
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the gracilis?

A

The body of the pubis and the inferior ramus of the pubis

115
Q

What is the distal attachment of the gracilis?

A

The medial surface of the superior part of the tibia

116
Q

What is the innervation of the gracilis?

A

The obturator nerve (L2-L3)

117
Q

What is the action of the obturator externus?

A

It laterally rotates the hip joint and pulls the head of the femur into the acetabulum, holding the pelvis steady

118
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the obturator externus?

A

The margins of the obturator foramen and the obturator membrane

119
Q

What is the distal attachment of the obturator externus?

A

The trochanteric fossa of the femur

120
Q

What is the innervation of the obturator externus?

A

The obturator nerve (L3-L4)

Anatomy II (13 decks)

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