Thorax 3 - the heart Flashcards

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1
Q

Where does in heart sit?

A

Between 2 pleural cavities in the mediastinum. It lies between the cavities in the pericardium

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2
Q

What is the advantage of the pericardium?

A

Protects the heart from infection elsewhere in the body

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3
Q

Where is the apex of the heart found?

A

5th intercostal space

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4
Q

What do the surfaces of the heart touch?

A

Base touches the diaphragm.

Anteriorly touching the sternum and a pulmonary surface touching the lungs

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5
Q

What are the 3 entries of the right atrium?

A

Inferior vena cave
Superior vena cava
Coronary sinus

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6
Q

What are the names of the 3 branches coming off the aorta/

A

Brachiocephalic artery branching into the right common carotid and the right subclavian artery
Second branch is the left common carotid
Third branch is the left subclavian

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7
Q

What is the superior vena cava formed from?

A

Internal jugular and subclavian veins

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8
Q

What is the function of the chordae tendineae?

A

To anchor the valves to the papillary muscles and to the ventricle walls

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9
Q

What makes the mitral valve different?

A

It only has 2 cusps instead of 3

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10
Q

Where do we listen to the tricuspid valve?

A

The LHS of the sternum in the 5th intercostal space.

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11
Q

Where do we listen to the aortic and pulmonary valves?

A

Either side of sternum, 5th intercostal space.

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12
Q

Where are pectinate muscles found?

A

In the atria needed for contraction

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13
Q

What is the fossa ovalis?

A

Thumb-like depression which used to allow blood to flow between the atria to avoid the lungs in foetuses.

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14
Q

Where do we find trabeculae carnae?

A

Muscles lining ventricle walls

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15
Q

What is the ligamentum arteriosum?

A

Shrivelled tissue where the fossa ovalis used to be. It attaches the pulmonary trunk to the branch of the aorta.

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16
Q

Where does the right coronary artery run?

A

Comes from the bottom of the aorta and runs in the atrioventricular groove (between right atrium and right ventricle)

17
Q

What are the 3 branches off the right coronary artery?

A

Nodal branch
Right marginal branch
Posterior inter ventricular branch

18
Q

What are the 3 branches running off the left coronary artery?

A

Left anterior descending
Circumflex branch
Left marginal branch

19
Q

Where do the great, middle and small cardiac veins drain to?

A

Coronary sinus to the right atrium

20
Q

What is the role of the cardiac skeleton?

A
  • anchor valve cusps
  • prevents over-dilation of valve openings
  • point of insertion of bundles of heart muscle
  • electrical insulation
21
Q

What is the order of electrical conductivity in the heart?

A

SA node, AV node, bundle of His, purkinje fibers

22
Q

What is the difference between the visceral and parietal pericardium?

A

Visceral - against the heart

Partietal - outer bag the heart sits in

23
Q

What does the pericardium attach to?

A

The diaphragm and the sternum

24
Q

What are the functions of the pericardium?

A

Anchoring
Prevents over-filling
Lubrication
Protection