Clinical Introduction to GI tract Flashcards
What is the pathway that food goes through in the body?
Mouth Pharynx Oesophagus Stomach Small intestine (pancreas, liver, gall bladder) Large intestine
What is the name of the food ball formed during mastication?
Food bolus
What are the names of the three salivary glands and what do they secrete?
Which are more active at rest?
Parotid (strong serous liquid)
Submandibular (serous and mucous)
Sublingual (mucous)
Submandibular and sublingual
What are the 3 main functions of saliva?
- Digestive (chewing, bolus formation, amylase, lipase)
- Protective (dilution, buffering, lubrication, remineralisation, antimicrobial, healing, cleansing
- Additional (speech, excretion, trophic)
What are the three pharynx?
oro
naso
hypo
What is the name of the flap which stops food going down the trachea?
What happens in aspiration?
Epiglottis
Food goes into the trachea and can lead to suffocation or chest infections
What are the 4 layers in the oesophagus called?
- Adventitia (connective tissue - holds the oesophagus in place)
- Muscle layer (voluntary and smooth)
- Submucosa
- Mucosa
How long is a typical oesophagus and how many sphincters (muscle for constriction) does it have?
25cm
2
What is peristalsis and what muscle is in each third of the oesophagus?
Contractions to move food down the GI tract.
1st 1/3 = voluntary
2nd 1/3 = voluntary and smooth
3rd 1/3 = smooth
What epithelium type is found in the mucosa?
Non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium
What is the oesophagus like when no food is going down it?
Closed and compact - able to collapse and move about to get food down.
Where do each of these pass the oesophagus?
Inferior Vena Cava = T8
Oesophagus = T10
Aorta = T12
What are the 4 places that gastric secretion comes from?
Saliva (bicarbonate, amylase)
Gastric (HCl)
Pancreatic (bicarbonate, lipase, amylase, protease)
Bile (bile salts, phospholipids, cholesterol)
What is the name of the exit of the stomach and entrance into the small intestine?
What is the name of the product?
Stomach - inside and outside level?
Duodenum via the pyloric sphincter
Chyme
Inside produces acid and outside is muscle for expansion
What is the name of ridges of muscle tissue which line the stomach?
Rugae