Thoracic Wall and Respiration DLA

Question 1

What are the inferior thoracic aperture boundaries?

Answer 1

12th thoracic vertebra, 11th and 12th pair of ribs, costal cartilages of ribs 7th-10th, xiphisternal joint, Closed by diaphragm

Question 2

What are the accessory muscles of inspiration?

Answer 2

sternocleidomastoid( elevates the sternum) Scalenes ( elevate and fix upper ribs)

Question 3

What are the principal muscles of inspiration?

Answer 3

external intercostals ( elevate ribs and increase the width of the thoracic cavity)

Interchondral part of internal intercostals( elevate ribs)

Diaphragm ( domes descend, increase vertical dimension of thoracic cavity; also elevates lower ribs)

Question 4

What are the muscles of quiet breathing/ expiration?

Answer 4

passive recoil of lungs and rib cage

Question 5

what are the muscles of expiration/active breathing?

Answer 5

internal intercostals ( except interchondral)

Abdominals ( depress lower ribs, compress abdominal contents, thus pushing up diaghragm)
Rectus abdominis
external oblique
internal oblique
transversus abdominiis

Question 6

What does the rib movement “pump handle” do?

Answer 6

increases anterior-posterior dimension

Question 7

what does the rib movement “bucket handle” do?

Answer 7

increase lateral dimension

Question 8

what does movement of contraction of the diaphragm do?

Answer 8

increase vertical dimension

Question 9

Where does the nuerovascular bundle travel through?

Answer 9

in coastal groove on inferior aspect of rib.
for this reason all incisions/ tubes are placed above rib to avoid VAN

ex thoracocentesis= pleural tap; to sample fluid from pleural space
thoracostomy= chest tube inserted to drain fluid or air from pleural cavity

Question 10

costocervical trunk supplies:

Answer 10

first 2 posterior intercostal spaces

Question 11

Subclavian artery supplies:

Answer 11

internal thoracic artery, vertebral artery, and costocervical trunk

Question 12

The descending thoracic aorta supplies:

Answer 12

posterior intercostal arteries

Question 13

the posterior intercostal artery:

Answer 13

runs in coastal groove

Question 14

Internal thoracic artery:

Answer 14

gives anterior intercostal arteries and terminates into musculophrenic and superior epigastric

Question 15

anterior intercostal artery:

Answer 15

follows the inferior border of the rib and anastomoses with the posterior intercostal arteries

Question 16

Musculophrenic artery:

Answer 16

continues along the coastal margin supplies the diaphragm, anterior and lateral walls

Question 17

superior epigastric artery

Answer 17

continues onto the anterior abdominal wall and anastomoses with inferior epigastric artery.

Question 18

parietal pleura:

Answer 18

supplied segmentally by the vessels associated with adjacent wall:

diaphragmatic: supplied by superior phrenic arteries
mediastinal: supplied by pericardiophrenic artery

Question 19

Where do the veins from the upper 2 intercostal spaces drain?

Answer 19

they join and drain together into the azygous and accessory hemiazygous or into the brachiocephalic vein

Question 20

Lymphatic drainage of thoracic wall is anteriorly to where?

Answer 20

parasternal nodes

Question 21

Lymphatic drainage of thoracic wall is posteriorly to where?

Answer 21

intercostal nodes

Question 22

Lymphatic drainage of thoracic wall is inferiorly to where?

Answer 22

diaphragmatic nodes

Question 23

most lymph nodes from thorax drain where?

Answer 23

thoracic duct

Question 24

The upper part of right thorax drains into where?

Answer 24

right bronchomediastinal trunk