Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

test 5 > 35 ventilation > Flashcards

35 ventilation Flashcards

1
Q

what is partial pressure?

A

the pressure exerted by an individual gas in a mixture of known gases. expressed in dry gas concentrations
if there is water vapor that must be removed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is fractional concentration?

A

percentage of a gas in a mixture of gasses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the fractional concentration of oxygen?

A

21

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the partial pressure of nitrogen?

A

160

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the partial pressure of nitrogen?

A

600

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the barometric pressure?

A

760 mmhg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

how to calculate partial pressure of oxygen in the atmosphere?

A

Po2= Pb X Fo2

Fo2 fractional concentration of oxygen= 21%
Pb= barometric pressure= 760mmhg

Po2= partial pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

given barometric pressure of 286

what is the Po2?

A

60

because
286*0.21= 60

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How do you calculate partial pressure of inspired oxygen in trachea?

A

water vapor is included now…

Pio2= (Pb-PH20) * Fio2

760-47*0.21= PiO2= 149.7

pb= 760 atmospheric
Ph20=partial pressure of water=47
FiO2= fractional oxygen= 0.21

pio2= inspired/humidified/count water vapor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the partial pressure oxygen and CO2 at ambient dry air?

A

oxygen= 160, 21%

CO2=0 0

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the partial pressure of oxygen and CO2 at moist trachael air?

A 
oxygen= 150mmhg, 20%
CO2= 0,0
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the partial pressure at alveolar air of oxygen and CO2?

A 
oxygen= 102 mmgh, 14%
CO2= 40 mmhg 5%
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the partial pressure of oxygen and CO2 at arterial blood ?

A

oxygen= 95

CO2=40

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the partial pressure of oxygen and CO2 at venous blood ?

A

oxygen= 40

CO2=46

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is minute ventilation?

A

volume of air entering the lungs per minute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the equation of minute ventilation/total ventilation?

A

Ve=VTxf

Vt= tidal volume
f= fréquence/ rate of breathing

example tidal volume= 500ml
breathing frequency= 12 breaths per minute

0.5L*12= 6 l/min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is dead space?

A

place in respiratory system where gas exchange does not occur, conducting zone is a dead space= anatomic dead space

for example take in 500ml but 150 ml go to dead space and 350 get to alveoli and goes to alveoli and does gas exchange

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the normal ratio of Vd/Vt?

A

dead space/tidal volume

0.25-0.35 in healthy people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is alveolar dead space?

A

air going to alveoli but doesn’t go through gas exchange

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is the equation for physiological deadspace?

A

physiological deadspace= anatomical Vd + alveolar Vd

in healthy people physiological dead space = anatomical dead pace

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is case where alveolar deadspace is large?

A

pulmonary embolism

22
Q

How do you calculate alveolar ventilation?

A

Va= (Vt f)- (Vdf)

air

Va= volume of air added to alveoli 
Vd= volume of air in deadspace
23
Q

29/min respirations
tidal volume= 400 ml
deadspace volume=150
what is minute ventilation?

A

29*400= 11600

tidal volume * respirations 29

24
Q

how do you calculate alveolar ventilation?

A

Va= (Vt-Vd) * breaths/min

Vt= tidal volume
Va= alveolar ventilation
Vd= dead space

volume of air delivered to respiratory zone per minute

25
Q

29/min respirations
tidal volume= 400 ml
deadspace volume=150
what is alveolar ventilation?

A

7250
Va= (Vt-Vd) * breaths/min

(400-150)*29= 7250

26
Q

how is dead space measured at anatomical dead space?

A

Fowler’s method

27
Q

how is physiological dead space measured?

A

Bohr’s method

28
Q

How is alveolar dead space measured?

A

need to subtract anatomical and physiological dead space

29
Q

how do you calculate a healthy deadspace?

A

1 ml per pound..
ex= 150 lbs
so 150 ml*12= 1800ml/min

30
Q

How is fowler’s method done?

A

inspire 100% after tidal expiration
exhale to RV (residual volume)
plotted Nitrogen released and monitored

31
Q

what is the equation for Bohr method?

A

Vd/Vt= 1 - PeCO2/PaCO2

Vd= dead space
Vt=tidal volume
PeCO2= expired partial pressure of CO2
PaCO2= alveolar partial pressure

clinically it is assumed that alveolar CO2 and arterial are the same PaCO2 ( arterial) and PACO2 ( alveolar)

32
Q

If PaCO2= 40 mm hg and PeCO2 =28 mmhg

If Vt= 500 what is Vd?

A

1-28/40= 0.3
0.3*500
Vd= 150

33
Q

what is a normal body PH

A

7.35-7.45

34
Q

what is a normal HCO3?

A

23-28

35
Q

what is an equation for alveolar ventilation?

A 
VA= (VeCO2 *0.863)/ PaC02
VA= alveolar ventilation
VeCO2= expired volume of CO2 in one minute

PaCO2= partial pressure of alveolar CO2

36
Q

as alveolar ventilation increases carbon dioxide _______

A

decreases

37
Q

With hyperventilation you have what?

A

respiratory alkalosis

38
Q

with hyperventilation you have ?

A

respiratory acidosis

39
Q

what is the A-a O2 gradient?

A

the difference between the alveolar oxygen gas tension (PAO2) and arterial oxygen tension (Pa02)

A-aO2 gradient= PAO2-PaO2

A-a O2 gradient=(PiO2-[(PaCO2/R]-PaO2

40
Q

A normal or elevated A-a gradient of more than 15 can be a sign of?

A

hypoxemia

elevated A-a means a high respiratory effort to achieve oxygenation; pulmonary problem

Low oxygenation due to hypoventilation; extra- pulmonary source of hypoxemia would not affect A-a gradient

41
Q

what is hypoventilation?

A

decreased alveolar ventilation with increased PaCO2

ventilation refers to alveoli, it is inversely proportional to pressure of CO2

42
Q

what is hyperventilation?

A

increased alveolar ventilation with decreased PaCO2

43
Q

what is hypercapnia?

A

increased CO2 in blood PaCO2 above 48 mmhg

44
Q

what is hypopnea?

A

decreased ventilation in response to lowered metabolic CO2 production

breath slower

45
Q

what is hyperpnea?

A

increased ventilation in response to increased metabolic CO2 production ( ex is exercise) which should purge CO2

breath faster

46
Q

what is eupnea?

A

normal breathing

47
Q

what is tachypnea?

A

increased frequency of breathing

swift breathing. ventilation may or may not be changed dependent on tidal volume

48
Q

what is dyspnea?

A

shortness of breath/labored breathing/ ill breathing

49
Q

what is apnea?

A

temporary cessation of breathing

50
Q

A 23 year old pre- med students comes to the clinic because she is anxious about her physiology exam. physical examination and laboratory investigations shows that the patient is hyperventilating. which of the following changes would be likely?

A

Hyperventilation looks at the alveoli..

this means that there is hyperventilated alveoli and decreased PaCO2 because they are inverse to each other.

ALSO hyperventilation increased the partial pressure of O2

test 5 (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions