Lecture 29 Flashcards
what are the components of the respiratory system?
- olfactory mucosa in nasal cavity= olfaction
- Vocal folds= phonation/speaking
- conduction and conditioning of air
- gaseous exchange= blood gas -barrier/respiratory portion
- endocrine=hormones= neuroendocrine cells
- immune functions- bronchial associated lymphoid tissue
Nasal cavity: what is the vestibule? what is the epithelium found here? what is the purpose of this area?
- cartilage framework
- Stratified squamous epithelium ( skin
- short firm hairs (vibrissae)
- sweat and sebaceous glands
Glands and vibrissae trap large particles
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Nasal cavity:
what can you find in the respiratory region?
what is the epithelium?
what is the lamina propia?
what are turbinates?
clinical clinical correlate?
- Respiratory epithelium/ pseudo stratified ciliated columnar
- Lamina propria: adhered to cartilage. vessels lined up perpendicular to the airflow—– warms the air/ conditions it.
- Clinical correlate: nasal congestion
Turbinates– increase the surface area covered by respiratory mucosa. better conditioning of air
also has the vestibule
What four cell types are found at the nasal cavity olfactory region?
Olfactory receptor cells, Brush cells, Supporting cells, Basal cells
what epithelium lines the nasal cavity?
keratinized pseudo stratified columnar epithelium
what is the histological feature and function of Olfactory receptor cells in the olfactory region?
Histology:
long thin nonmotile cilia with odor receptors.
Axons form the olfactory nerve
Function: Bipolar neurons= axon and dendritic regions.
What is the function of Brush cells?
sensory receptors
what is the histological feature and function of supporting cells?
Histo:- Apical microvilli
-Mitochrondia, sER and rER
Secretory vesicles contain odorant binding protein OBP
Function: mechanical and metabolic support to olfactory cells. Helps in odor perception
What is the histological feature and function of Basal cell?
Function: regenerate supporting and olfactory receptor cells.
What are serous olfactory glands/ Bowman’s glands found in the nasal cavity olfactory region?
secretory and found in the lamina propria, they create mucous and trap odorant particles and bring them to receptors.
- acinar cells have lipofuscin granules
serous secretion—lysozyme and IgA
How are odors sensed?
the secretion of olfactory glands trap and dissolve odoriferous particles. These then bind to OBP ( odorant binding proteins) and are delivered to receptors. Glandular secretion also wash away odor particles once sensed. Bowman’s glands will wash out the sensed smell
What is the function of the Larynx and what cartilage is it made up of??
- Skeleton of both hyaline and elastic cartilages in laryngeal
- Functions: Air conduction and phonation
larynx is always patent/ open.
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The epiglottis is made up of what kind of cartilage?
elastic cartilage
Because the vocal fold undergoes pressure what kind of epithelium is it lined by?
stratified squamous epithelium
the rest of the larynx is respiratory epithelium including ventricular fold
a cancer in the larynx/ vocal cords appears how?
as a keratin pearl or cauliflower lesion. you get hoarseness of voice and drastic loss of weight
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what kind of cartilage in the trachea?
hyaline cartilage underneath the adventitia
longitudinal elastic fibers in deep lamina propia-
LP=loose connective tissue
it has a submucosa made of loose areolar tissue where there is mucosa glands.
pseudo stratified columnar epithelium
it has a basement membrane..
posterior part of ring/ gap= has trachealis muscle (smooth) and fibroelastic membrane
adventitia: outside of cartilage layer
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in chronic cough and asthma how is the basement membrane found in the trachea ?
the basement membrane is thickened
what kinds of cells are found in the respiratory epithelium?
Lines of most of the conducting part of the respiratory system and has four cell types: Ciliated columnar, mucus Brush ( columnar and reach apical surface), small granule, and basal ( near basement membrane)
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what cells in the lungs have an endocrine function and are associated with cancer? what is the clinical correlate?
small granule cells/ Kulchitsky.
primary cells affected in small cell carcinoma of the lung
what is the job of ciliated columnar cells? clinical?
sweeping motion helps excel particles trapped in mucus
primary ciliary dyskinesia in Kartenger’s syndrome
what is the job of mucus? clinical?
secretes mucin granules which form a protective barrier.
Increased in smokers and chronic inflammation