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Psych 101 > Thinking > Flashcards

Thinking Flashcards

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GRE® Psychology flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is cognition?

A

Mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating information

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2
Q

What is metacognition?

A

Cognition about cognition, thinking about thinking

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3
Q

What is a concept?

A

Mental groupings of similar objects, events, ideas, or people

(Ex. chairs, ball, throw)

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4
Q

What is a prototype?

A

A mental image or best example of a category

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5
Q

What is trial and error?

A

Multiple different attempts until successful outcome is achieved

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6
Q

What is an aha moment?

A

Insight - an abrupt, true-seeming, and satisfying solution

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7
Q

What is a heuristic?

A

Mental shortcuts

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8
Q

What is seeking information that confirms our beliefs and ignores contrary information?

A

Confirmation bias

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9
Q

What is intuition?

A

Fast, automatic, unreasoned feelings and thoughts

“Gut feeling”

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10
Q

What is the availability heuristic?

A

Estimate how common an event is based on its mental availability - vividness can make it seem more common

Plane crashing, gambling (broadcasting infrequent wins)

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11
Q

What is the representativeness heuristic?

A

Judging the likelihood of something by comparing it to a prototype

Prejudice, racism, sexism

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12
Q

What are factors that exaggerate unlikely events?

A

Dramatic outcomes make us gasp; probabilities make us hardly grasp - we find them boring

We over feel and under think

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13
Q

How does overconfidence impact our lives?

A

Knowing less - tend to lead happier life and make decisions more easily

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14
Q

What is the planning fallacy?

A

Overestimating future leisure time and income

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15
Q

How does the planning fallacy affect students?

A

Expect to finish assignments ahead of schedule and usually take twice as long as predicted

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16
Q

What is belief perseverance?

A

Tendency to cling to our beliefs after facing contrary evidence

17
Q

What is framing?

A

The way we present an issue; can nudge people towards a beneficial decision

18
Q

What is the difference between intuitive and deliberative thought?

A

Intuitive: unconscious, automatic
Deliberative: conscious, planned, effortful

19
Q

What brain region is creativity associated with?

A

Frontal lobe

20
Q

What are the five components of creativity?

A 
Expertise
Imaginative thinking skills
Venturesome, determined personality
Intrinsic motivation
Creative environment
21
Q

Who developed the five components of creativity?

A

Robert Sternberg

22
Q

Which animals engage in thinking by using concepts?

A

Black bears, chimpanzees, and pigeons

Psych 101 (26 decks)

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