Emotion

Question 1

What is the James-Lange theory of emotion?

Answer 1

Emotions are interpretations of our physiological responses

Arousal comes before emotion

Question 2

What is the Cannon-Bard theory?

Answer 2

Emotion and arousal occur at the same time. Emotion does not cause arousal, arousal does not cause emotion.

Question 3

What is the two factor theory of arousal?

Answer 3

Emotions are made of (1) physical arousal and (2) cognitive appraisal

Question 4

What is a spillover effect?

Answer 4

Interpreting physiological arousal for emotional arousal

When emotion from one event spills over into another event

Ex) Rioting after super bowl win

Question 5

Who proposed that priming on stimulus influence how we feel about a subsequent stimulus?

Answer 5

Zajonc

Question 6

Who proposed that cognitive appraisal sometimes happens without awareness and that it defines emotional responses?

Answer 6

Lazarus

Question 7

What is the fear center of the brain?

Answer 7

Amygdala

Question 8

Define the two pathways for fear stimuli?

Answer 8

High Road: thalamus -> cortex -> amygdala

Low Road: thalamus -> amygdala

Question 9

What are complex emotions?

Answer 9

Memories, expectations, interpretations

Question 10

What is reappraisal?

Answer 10

Consciously changing interpretations of a stimulus or stressor

Ex) Going to store, finding out its closed, might be frustrated but decide it was nice to get out of the house and enjoy the nice weather anyway (REDIRECT)

Question 11

Which emotion tends to “pop out” of a crowd and why?

Answer 11

Angry faces

Question 12

What are the six primary emotions?

Answer 12

Happiness
Sadness
Fear
Disgust
Anger
Surprise

Question 13

How did people communicate in prehistoric times?

Answer 13

People communicated threats, greetings, and submissions with facial expressions

Question 14

What serves as a universal language across cultures?

Answer 14

Facial expressions

Question 15

Which cultures encourage individual emotion expression, and which encourage adjustment of emotional states to others?

Answer 15

Individual - North America, Western Europe, Australia, New Zealand
Adjustment (Collectivistic) - China, Japan, India, Korea

Question 16

Which part of the world expresses emotion with the mouth, and which part of the world expresses emotion with the eyes?

Answer 16

Mouth - Americans

Eyes - Asia

Question 17

Which emotion is triggered by the fight or flight response?

Answer 17

Anger

Question 18

What is catharsis?

Answer 18

Aggressive action or fantasy enables emotional release

Question 19

Which emotion colors everything we experience?

Answer 19

Happiness

Question 20

What are traits of happy people?

Answer 20

Perceive the world as being safer
More drawn to happy people
More decisive, confident, and cooperative
More likely to marry and less likely to divorce
Earn more money

Question 21

What is the feel-good do-good phenomenon?

Answer 21

A mood-boosting experience that makes people more likely to do good deeds.

Question 22

What is the adaptation-level phenomenon?

Answer 22

Tendency to judge stimuli in comparison with our past experiences

Ex. The first cold day after a hot summer always feels colder than the same temperature in the winter

Ex. After getting raise, you become accustomed to new income, want another raise

Question 23

What is relative deprivation?

Answer 23

Believing that we are worse off than people we compare ourselves to

I used to do this all the time…Not anymore!

Question 24

What six factors is happiness related to?

Answer 24

High self-esteem
Being optimistic, outgoing, agreeable
Having close, positive, long-lasting relationships
Having work and leisure that engages one’s skills
Having a religious faith
Sleeping well and exercising

Question 25

What three factors is happiness less related to?

Answer 25

Age
Gender
Physical attractiveness