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Psych 101 > Motivation > Flashcards

Motivation Flashcards

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1
Q

What is motivation?

A

Interplay between nature (the bodily “push”) and nuture (“pulls” from personal experiences, thoughts, and cultures)

Nature and nuture

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2
Q

What is instinct?

A

Complex behavior with a fixed pattern throughout a species and is not learned

Source of motivation

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3
Q

What is evolutionary theory?

A

Genes predispose some species-typical behavior

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4
Q

What are psychological needs?

A

Create an aroused and motivated state

any need that is essential to mental health or that is otherwise not a biological necessity

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5
Q

What is a drive?

A

Pushes us to reduce psychological needs

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6
Q

What is drive-reduction theory?

A

When a need increases, so does our drive to reduce it

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7
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

Maintenance for a steady internal state

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8
Q

What is arousal theory?

A

Human motivation aims not to eliminate arousal but to seek optimum levels of arousal. Having all our biological needs satisfied, we feel driven to experience stimulation.

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9
Q

Who developed the hierarchy of needs?

A

Maslow

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10
Q

What are the 6 needs in the hierarchy?

A

Physiological - satisfy hunger, thirst

Safety - feel world is organized and predictable

Belongingness and love - avoid loneliness and separation

Esteem - self esteem, achievement, competence, independence, recognition, respect

Self-actualization - need to achieve

Self-transcendence - find meaning and identity beyond the self

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11
Q

In what order can you meet various needs in the hierarchy?

A 
Physiological
Safety
Belongingness and love
Esteem
Self-actualization
Self-transcendence
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12
Q

Are stomach contractions necessary for hunger?

A

No

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13
Q

Why do our bodies keep track of glucose?

A

Regulates hunger

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14
Q

What happens when blood glucose levels drop?

A

Your brain will trigger hunger

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15
Q

What happens when the arcuate nucleus releases hormones?

A

Stimulates appetite

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16
Q

What happens when the arcuate nucleus is destroyed?

A

Animals will show no interest in food and start starving

17
Q

What happens when the hypothalamic region that secretes appetite stimulating hormones is destroyed?

A

Animals can’t stop eating and become obese

18
Q

What is ghrelin and what is its function?

A

Hunger-arousing hormone

19
Q

Where does ghrelin get secreted from?

A

Empty stomach

20
Q

What role does ghrelin play in bypass surgery?

A

The surgery seals off part of the stomach, it produces less ghrelin, and decreases appetite

21
Q

What is the ecology of eating and what are some examples?

A

Situation influences on eating

Friends and food - eat more
Serving size - affects how much people eat
Stimulating selections - eat more if something looks good
Nudging nutrition - offering children carrots before they picked up other food resulted in 4x higher carrot intake

22
Q

When do hormones rise and fall for each sex?

A

Rise:
Females - estrogen peak at ovulation
Males - relatively constant

Fall: Later in life
Females - menopause
Males - decline more gradually

23
Q

Why were social bonds important for our ancestors?

A

Higher chances of survival

24
Q

According to Ryan & Deci (2000), what three needs do people strive to satisfy?

A

Self-determination Theory:

  1. Competence: having knowledge and ability
  2. Autonomy: a sense of personal growth
  3. Relatedness: having social connections
25
Q

How does fulfilling these needs (competence, autonomy, relatedness) affect health and well-being?

A

Increases health
Reduces stress
Boosts self-esteem

26
Q

What is motivation achievement and why does it matter?

A

A desire for significant accomplishment, for mastering skills or ideas, for control, and attaining a high standard

Children with top 1% intelligence scores were found 40 years later - most successful were more ambitious, energetic, and persistent

Self-discipline has surpassed intelligence test scores in predicting school performance, attendance, and graduation honors

27
Q

What are the two types of motivation and how are they different?

A

Intrinsic Motivation - the desire to perform a behavior effectively for its own sake

Extrinsic Motivation - behaving in certain ways that gain external rewards or avoid threatened punishment

Psych 101 (26 decks)

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