Sensation & Perception Part 2

Question 1

What are sound waves?

Answer 1

Pressure changes in the atmosphere capable of being detected by auditory organs

Question 2

What are the ossicles?

Answer 2

Three bones in the ear

Question 3

What do the ossicles vibrate to transfer atmospheric vibrations to the fluid in the cochlea?

Answer 3

Oval window

Question 4

Different parts of the basilar membrane vibrate in response to different _____________.

Answer 4

frequencies

Question 5

What does a hair cell do when it is vibrated by the basilar membrane?

Answer 5

Releases neurotransmitter that causes an action potential in the auditory nerve

Question 6

How does infant perception of speech sounds differ from adult perception?

Answer 6

Infants can hear distinctions in speech sounds that adults cannot hear

Question 7

Does visual information influence speech perception?

Answer 7

Yes

Question 8

Where can the vestibular organs be found?

Answer 8

Inner ear

Question 9

What is the utricle?

Answer 9

A vestibular organ that indicates changes in linear acceleration and head tilt.

Question 10

What are the semi-circular canals?

Answer 10

Vestibular organs that indicate changes in rotary acceleration

Question 11

What is the oculogyral illusion?

Answer 11

After spinning around, people often experience paradoxical motion in which the world appears to be spinning, but visually remain in the same place

Merry-go-round

Question 12

What causes motion sickness?

Answer 12

A dissociation between the visual and vestibular senses

Note: When these parts send conflicting information, your brain doesn’t know whether you’re stationary or moving. Your brain’s confused reaction makes you feel sick.

Question 13

What are the three somatosensory senses?

Answer 13

Touch, pain, and temperature

Question 14

In what lobe of the brain is the somatosensory cortex?

Answer 14

Parietal lobe

Question 15

What determines how sensitive a body part is to touch?

Answer 15

The amount of area a particular body part receives in the somatosensory cortex

Note: The reason you are more sensitive on your fingertips than your elbow is that there are many more sensory neurons on your fingertips. When an area has more sensory neurons there is a larger brain area devoted to receiving their signals, meaning more sensitivity

Question 16

What is congenital analgesia?

Answer 16

When someone is incapable of experiencing pain

Question 17

What health problems do people with congenital analgesia typically experience?

Answer 17

Severe childhood injuries and eventually have massive damage to their joints

Question 18

What is the common chemical sense?

Answer 18

Used to detect chemical irritants

Question 19

Where can receptors for the common chemical sense be found?

Answer 19

Mouth, nose, and eyes

Question 20

What are the five different types of taste receptors?

Answer 20

Salt, sour, sweet, bitter, and umami

Umami - “savory”, think broths and cooked meats

Question 21

What is the olfactory mucosa?

Answer 21

Tissue region at the top of the nasal cavity that has receptors for smell

Question 22

Olfactory cells likely respond to what?

Answer 22

The shape or vibration of molecules that bind to them