Review from Book: Mod 26, 31-39 Flashcards
What is mental set?
a tendency to approach a problem in one particular way, often a way that has been successful in the past
What is overconfidence?
the tendency to be more confident than correct—to overestimate the accuracy of our beliefs and judgments
What is framing?
the way an issue is posed; how an issue is framed can significantly affect decisions and judgments
What is a nudge?
framing choices in a way that encourages people to make beneficial decisions
What is fixation?
the inability to see a problem from a new perspective; an obstacle to problem solving
What is the Yerkes-Dodson law?
the principle that performance increases with arousal only up to a point, beyond which performance decreases
What is physiological need?
a basic bodily requirement
What is an incentive?
a positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior
What is a set point?
the point at which your “weight thermostat” may be set. When your body falls below this weight, increased hunger and a lowered metabolic rate may combine to restore lost weight
What is basal metabolic rate?
the body’s resting rate of energy output
What is obesity?
defined as a body mass index (BMI) measurement of 30 or higher, which is calculated from our weight-to-height ratio
What is AIDS?
(acquired immune deficiency syndrome)
a life-threatening condition caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a sexually transmitted infection. AIDS depletes the immune system, leaving the person vulnerable to infections
What is testosterone?
the most important male sex hormone. Males and females have it, but the additional testosterone in males stimulates the growth of the male sex organs during the fetal period, and the development of the male sex characteristics during puberty
What are estrogens?
sex hormones, such as estradiol, that contribute to female sex characteristics and are secreted in greater amounts by females than by males
What is the sexual response cycle?
Excitement
Plateau
Orgasm
Resolution
What is sexual orientation?
the direction of our sexual attractions, as reflected in our longings and fantasies
What is asexuality?
having no sexual attraction toward others
What is affiliation need?
the need to build and maintain relationships and to feel part of a group
What is self-determination theory?
the theory that we feel motivated to satisfy our needs for competence, autonomy, and relatedness
What is narcissism?
excessive self-love and self-absorption
What is achievement motivation?
a desire for significant accomplishment, for mastery of skills or ideas, for control, and for attaining a high standard
What three factors are emotions a mix of?
Bodily arousal
Expressive behaviors
Conscious experience and feelings
What is embodied emotion?
we feel emotions with our body
What is a polygraph?
a machine used in attempts to detect lies; measures emotion-linked changes in perspiration, heart rate, and breathing
What is the facial feedback effect?
the tendency of facial muscle states to trigger corresponding feelings such as fear, anger, or happiness
What is the emotion feedback effect?
This is a typo, this prof sucks
What is positive psychology?
Human flourishing
What is subjective well-being?
self-perceived happiness or satisfaction with life
What is coronary heart disease?
the clogging of the vessels that nourish the heart muscle; a leading cause of death in many developed countries
What are the risk factors for coronary heart disease?
High blood pressure Smoking Obesity Physical inactivity High cholesterol Stress Family History
How does personality relate to cardiovascular health?
More at risk if you exhibit:
Anger over little things
Pessimism
Depression
What is the tend-and-befriend response?
under stress, people (especially women) often provide support to others (tend) and bond with and seek support from others (befriend)
What is Health Psychology?
a subfield of psychology that provides psychology’s contribution to behavioral medicine
What is self-control?
the ability to control impulses and delay short-term gratification for greater long-term rewards
What is optimism?
expecting more control, coping ability, and better health
What is pessimism?
expect things to go badly
How does social support impact health?
calms us
improves sleep
reduces blood pressure
stronger immune system
What is aerobic exercise? How does it relate to stress?
sustained exercise that increases heart and lung fitness; also helps alleviate depression and anxiety
reduces the hormone and blood pressure reaction to stress
