Review from Book: Mod 26, 31-39

Question 1

What is mental set?

Answer 1

a tendency to approach a problem in one particular way, often a way that has been successful in the past

Question 2

What is overconfidence?

Answer 2

the tendency to be more confident than correct—to overestimate the accuracy of our beliefs and judgments

Question 3

What is framing?

Answer 3

the way an issue is posed; how an issue is framed can significantly affect decisions and judgments

Question 4

What is a nudge?

Answer 4

framing choices in a way that encourages people to make beneficial decisions

Question 5

What is fixation?

Answer 5

the inability to see a problem from a new perspective; an obstacle to problem solving

Question 6

What is the Yerkes-Dodson law?

Answer 6

the principle that performance increases with arousal only up to a point, beyond which performance decreases

Question 7

What is physiological need?

Answer 7

a basic bodily requirement

Question 8

What is an incentive?

Answer 8

a positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior

Question 9

What is a set point?

Answer 9

the point at which your “weight thermostat” may be set. When your body falls below this weight, increased hunger and a lowered metabolic rate may combine to restore lost weight

Question 10

What is basal metabolic rate?

Answer 10

the body’s resting rate of energy output

Question 11

What is obesity?

Answer 11

defined as a body mass index (BMI) measurement of 30 or higher, which is calculated from our weight-to-height ratio

Question 12

What is AIDS?

Answer 12

(acquired immune deficiency syndrome)
a life-threatening condition caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a sexually transmitted infection. AIDS depletes the immune system, leaving the person vulnerable to infections

Question 13

What is testosterone?

Answer 13

the most important male sex hormone. Males and females have it, but the additional testosterone in males stimulates the growth of the male sex organs during the fetal period, and the development of the male sex characteristics during puberty

Question 14

What are estrogens?

Answer 14

sex hormones, such as estradiol, that contribute to female sex characteristics and are secreted in greater amounts by females than by males

Question 15

What is the sexual response cycle?

Answer 15

Excitement
Plateau
Orgasm
Resolution

Question 16

What is sexual orientation?

Answer 16

the direction of our sexual attractions, as reflected in our longings and fantasies

Question 17

What is asexuality?

Answer 17

having no sexual attraction toward others

Question 18

What is affiliation need?

Answer 18

the need to build and maintain relationships and to feel part of a group

Question 19

What is self-determination theory?

Answer 19

the theory that we feel motivated to satisfy our needs for competence, autonomy, and relatedness

Question 20

What is narcissism?

Answer 20

excessive self-love and self-absorption

Question 21

What is achievement motivation?

Answer 21

a desire for significant accomplishment, for mastery of skills or ideas, for control, and for attaining a high standard

Question 22

What three factors are emotions a mix of?

Answer 22

Bodily arousal
Expressive behaviors
Conscious experience and feelings

Question 23

What is embodied emotion?

Answer 23

we feel emotions with our body

Question 24

What is a polygraph?

Answer 24

a machine used in attempts to detect lies; measures emotion-linked changes in perspiration, heart rate, and breathing

Question 25

What is the facial feedback effect?

Answer 25

the tendency of facial muscle states to trigger corresponding feelings such as fear, anger, or happiness

Question 26

What is the emotion feedback effect?

Answer 26

This is a typo, this prof sucks

Question 27

What is positive psychology?

Answer 27

Human flourishing

Question 28

What is subjective well-being?

Answer 28

self-perceived happiness or satisfaction with life

Question 29

What is coronary heart disease?

Answer 29

the clogging of the vessels that nourish the heart muscle; a leading cause of death in many developed countries

Question 30

What are the risk factors for coronary heart disease?

Answer 30

``` High blood pressure Smoking Obesity Physical inactivity High cholesterol Stress Family History ```

Question 31

How does personality relate to cardiovascular health?

Answer 31

More at risk if you exhibit: Anger over little things Pessimism Depression

Question 32

What is the tend-and-befriend response?

Answer 32

under stress, people (especially women) often provide support to others (tend) and bond with and seek support from others (befriend)

Question 33

What is Health Psychology?

Answer 33

a subfield of psychology that provides psychology’s contribution to behavioral medicine

Question 34

What is self-control?

Answer 34

the ability to control impulses and delay short-term gratification for greater long-term rewards

Question 35

What is optimism?

Answer 35

expecting more control, coping ability, and better health

Question 36

What is pessimism?

Answer 36

expect things to go badly

Question 37

How does social support impact health?

Answer 37

calms us improves sleep reduces blood pressure stronger immune system

Question 38

What is aerobic exercise? How does it relate to stress?

Answer 38

sustained exercise that increases heart and lung fitness; also helps alleviate depression and anxiety reduces the hormone and blood pressure reaction to stress