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AP Psych Final Review > Therapy (5-7%) > Flashcards

Therapy (5-7%) Flashcards

1
Q

Somatic Treatments

A

medications (biological)
-most widely used

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2
Q

Unconditional Positive Regard Goal

A

sharing that permits the client’s inner strength and qualities to surface so that personal growth can occur

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3
Q

Exposure Therapies

A

systematic desensitization, flooding, modeling

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4
Q

Rational Emotive Therapy

A

actions, beliefs, consequences (ABC’s)
Albert Ellis (confrontational)

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5
Q

Anxiolytics

A

sometimes called tranquilizers increase the activity of the neurotransmitter GABA where arousal is too high

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6
Q

Trephining

A

cutting holes in skull to release evil spirits that caused behavior

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7
Q

Who believed disorders were caused by biological factors?

A

Hippocrates and Galen

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8
Q

During the Renaissance

A

insane asylums were formed; no better than prisons

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9
Q

Dorothea Dix and Phillipe Pinel

A

promoted state mental hospitals in the U.S.

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10
Q

Deinstitutionalization

A

development of drugs that could moderate the effects of disorders
-was intended to save money as well as benefit the patient
-today’s homeless population is mostly schizophrenic without medications
-people who were stable were released to help overcrowding

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11
Q

Psychotherapy

A

verbal interaction
-psychoanalysis, humanistic, behavioral, cognitive all believe in psychotherapy

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12
Q

Psychoanalysis v Psychodynamic

A

psychoanalysis- strictly adheres to Freud
psychodynamic- agrees about unconscious mind and its role but have significantly modified original theory especially dealing with sex

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13
Q

Psychoanalysis

A

excessive or inadequate use of defense mechanisms caused by unconscious conflicts cause disorders
-must identify the underlying cause of the problem

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14
Q

Catharsis

A

a release of emotional tension after remembering or relieving an emotionally charged experience from the past

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15
Q

Techniques in Psychoanalysis

A

free association, resistance, dream interpretation, transference

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16
Q

Analysis of Free Association

A

process by which therapist interprets the underlying meaning of the clients uncensored reports of anything that comes to mind

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17
Q

Analysis of Resistance

A

therapist interprets client behaviors that interfere with therapeutic progress
stronger disagreement=source of problem

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18
Q

Analysis of Dreams

A

therapist interprets the symbolic manifest content of dreams to reveal their true, latent content
manifest- actual story line
latent- underlying meaning

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19
Q

Analysis of Transference

A

therapist interprets the feelings expressed by the client toward the therapist as indicative of feelings toward important people in life
-parents

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20
Q

Humanistic Goal

A

help understand and accept themselves and strive toward self actualization

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21
Q

Humanistic Belief

A

people are innately good and also possess free will meaning they are capable of controlling their own destinies

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22
Q

Determinism

A

believes life is predetermined by forces outside of control

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23
Q

Humanistic Cause of Behavior

A

problems arise because the clients inherent goodness and potential to grow emotionally have been stifled by external psychosocial constraints

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24
Q

Client Centered Theory

A

Carl Rogers believed he could help people resolve their own problems rather than depending on the direct advice of someone else
-his role was to simply listen as the patient talked their own way through the problem
-he would rephrase, ask for clarification
-did not offer diagnosis or interpretation

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25
Unconditional Positive Regard
an attitude of total acceptance toward another person regardless of what they do or say
26
Empathy
the ability to understand and share the feelings of another
27
Carl Rogers
the greater the difference between the ideal self and the real self, the greater the problems of the clients
28
Gestalt Therapy
goal is to push clients to decide whether they will allow past conflicts to control their future or whether they will choose right now to take control of their own destiny
29
Behavioral Cause of Behavior
abnormal behavior is the result of maladaptive behavior learned through faulty rewards and punishments
30
Behavioral Goal
extinguish unwanted behavior and replace it with more adaptive behavior
31
Systematic Desensitization
used to treat phobias first step- client is taught how to relax second step- create an anxiety hierarchy of all associated fears from least feared to most feared third step- therapist has client imagine each of the fearful associations -takes a really long time
32
Flooding
technique for treating phobias and other stress disorders in which the person is rapidly and intensely exposed to the fear-provoking situation or object and prevented from making the usual avoidance or escape response
33
Modeling
the process of observing and imitating a specific behavior -social phobias
34
Aversive Conditioning
a classical conditioning technique that trains the client to associate physical or psychological discomfort with behaviors, thoughts or situations he/she wants to avoid
35
Counter Conditioning
unpleasant conditioned response is replaced with a pleasant one
36
Behavior Modification
client selects a goal and with each step toward it receives a small reward until goal is reached -token economy
37
Social Skills Training
modeling, behavioral rehearsal, shaping helps social phobias
38
Shaping
an operant conditioning procedure in which reinforcers guide behavior toward closer and closer approximations of the desired behavior
39
Biofeedback Training
therapist monitors how well an individual can change anxiety- related responses such as heart rate and muscle tension
40
Cognitive Causes of Abnormal Behavior
faulty thought patterns
41
Cognitive Goal
cognitive restructuring; turning the faulty disordered thoughts into more realistic thoughts
42
Rational Emotive Therapy Goal
by defeating these beliefs, the client may see how truly absurd they were
43
Cognitive Triad
Aaron Beck -looks at what a person thinks about his self, his world, and his future -depressed individuals think negatively
44
Cognitive Triad Goal
is to rid an individual of his or her internal negative thought processes
45
Cognitive Distortion
we tend to magnify bad things and filter out positive things in any given situation
46
Group Therapy
often more helpful because it allows the client to see that others have similar problems AA, marriage, family outlet to share individual experience
47
Biological Cause of Abnormal Behavior
neurochemical or hormonal imbalances; abnormal brain structures or genetics
48
Biological Treatment
medication (psychotropics) electroconvulsive therapy and psychosurgery
49
Therapuetic Window
amount of a drug that it is enough but not too much
50
GABA
a major inhibitory neurotransmitter
51
Valium and Xanax
increases levels of GABA which is used for anti-anxiety medications inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin
52
Antidepressants
serotonin and norepinephrine are made more available -prozac
53
Psychostimulants
(ADHD) increase motivation and dull central nervous system (distractions) -ritalin
54
Neuroleptics/Antipsychotics
reduce tension, decrease hallucinations and delusions, improved social behavior and better sleep -thorazine
55
Light Therapy
used to treat seasonal affective disorder
56
Electroconvulsive Shock Therapy (ECT)
is used as last resort -bilateral and unilateral hemispheres -suicidal depression
57
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS)
magnetic
58
Psychosurgery
removal of brain tissue -1935-1955 most modern psychosurgery the prefrontal lobotomy which cuts the main neural tracts connecting lower brain regions to the frontal lobe -most were left emotionless
59
Severe Epilepsy
The surgical procedure of cutting the corpus callosum is done in cases
60
Psychiatrist
A medical doctor who has specialized in the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders using medications -PH.D
61
Counseling/Psychotherapists
focus on marriage or family

AP Psych Final Review (13 decks)

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