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AP Psych Final Review > Biological Bases of Behavior (8-10%) > Flashcards

Biological Bases of Behavior (8-10%) Flashcards

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1
Q

Spinal Reflex

A

a reflex intended to protect the body
-it operates before sensory information can reach the brain

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2
Q

Hypothalamus

A

controls hunger, thirst, sexual arousal (libido), body temperature, endocrine system
-morning vs. night person
-directs pituitary (master) gland to direct other glands

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3
Q

Thyroid Gland

A

chemical that makes you over or under active if out of balance

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4
Q

Excitatory

A

accelerates neuron’s firing speed

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5
Q

Inhibitory

A

keeps next cell from firing

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6
Q

Dopamine

A

-reward (sex, drugs, rock and roll)
-schizophrenia

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7
Q

Seratonin

A

-mood control
-depression

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8
Q

Norepinephrine

A

-helps control alertness and arousal
-ADHD

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9
Q

Acetylcholine

A

-muscle control
-alzheimers

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10
Q

Afferent

A

bring information to the brain from the senses

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11
Q

Efferent

A

brings information to the glands/muscles from the brain

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12
Q

Interneurons

A

carry information between neurons

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13
Q

Resting Potential

A

a neuron when inactive

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14
Q

Firing Threshold

A

the point at which a sufficient change in electrical potential has occurred to generate a nerve impulse
-action potential

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15
Q

Neuroplasticity

A

if neurons in the brain are damaged they can change/adapt over time to experiences, age, and quality of relationships between neurons
-rewiring the brain

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16
Q

Plasticity

A

if one region of the brain is damaged, the brain can reorganize to take over its function
-diminishes with age

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17
Q

Central Nervous System

A

composed of your brain and spinal cord

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18
Q

Spinal Cord

A

bundle of nerves protected by vertebrae that starts at the base of your back and runs through the center of the spine upward to the base of your skull when it joins the brain

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19
Q

Peripheral Nervous System

A

smaller branches of nerves that lie outside the mid line portion of your nervous system (not encased in bone) carrying sensory information to and motor information away from your central nervous system

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20
Q

Somatic Nervous System

A

stimulate voluntary (you control) skeletal muscles

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21
Q

Sensory

A

what you sense from skin and muscles -afferent

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22
Q

Motor

A

controlling movement -efferent

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23
Q

Autonomic Nervous System

A

part of nervous system that controls involuntary or smooth muscles (heartbeat, digestion, kidney and liver functions)

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24
Q

Sympathetic Nervous System

A

alert system of the body that prepares the body for dealing with emergencies or strenuous activity
(speeds up heart rate, directs blood flow to muscles,fight or flight, blood sugar increase)

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25
Q

Parasympathetic Nervous System

A

works to conserve energy and enhance the bodies ability to recover from strenuous activity
(reduces heart rate, blood pressure)
-brings body back to normal

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26
Q

Brain Power

A

helps you think, feel, learn, remember, and move
-brain that is often used/strengthened
-diminish in your mid 20’s

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27
Q

Hindbrain

A

location- base of skull/on top of spinal cord
contains- cerebellum, medulla, pons
life support system that controls basic biological functions that keep our body alive

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28
Q

Cerebellum

A

posture, balance, coordinated muscle movement
-affected by alcohol
-fine tuning

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29
Q

Medulla

A

controls breathing, heart rate, blood pressure
-most vital to survive

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30
Q

Contralaterality

A

control of one side of your body by the other side of your brain
-happens in the medulla

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31
Q

Pons

A

bridge between the spinal cord and brain
-chemicals for sleep, arousal of senses and sympathetic NS, regulation of breathing and facial expressions

32
Q

Instinct

A

abilities that seem to be inherited
(salmon swimming up stream, butterflies/birds migrating)

33
Q

Midbrain

A

location- above the pons
-very small but important for muscle coordination

34
Q

Reticular Activating System

A

RAS alerts the rest of the brain to incoming signals
-deep coma if it stops working

35
Q

Forebrain

A

location- covers the brains core
-largest area of the brain
-thought and reason

36
Q

Limbic System

A

thalamus, hypothalamus, amygdala, hippocampus

37
Q

Thalamus

A

traffic officer of the brain
-receives info from the spinal cord and sends it to the appropriate area of the fore brain

38
Q

Endocrine System

A

sends chemicals (hormones) to the body
-hormones are produced in endocrine glands and distributed by blood/fluids

39
Q

Adrenal Gland

A

adrenaline, fight or flight

40
Q

Testosterone/Estrogen

A

most important for human sex drive

41
Q

Amygdala

A

emotion and storage of memories associated with emotional events
-fear center (PTSD)
-kids/teens are more emotional

42
Q

Hippocampus

A

memory formation and memory retrieval
-sends memories to the appropriate part of the cerebral hemisphere

43
Q

Cerebral Cortex (cerebrum)

A

entire outside of brain
-ability to learn and store complex info and to project thinking into the future
-3mm thick with 3/4th of all brain cells
-composed of 4 lobes

44
Q

Fissures

A

(wrinkles) allow for more surface area to contain neurons

45
Q

Divided Brain/Split Brain

A

left - information and processing
right - laid back, art, music
-look the same but have different functions
-divided into 4 lobes

46
Q

Lateralization

A

different functions of the left and right sides of the brain

47
Q

Frontal Lobe

A

location-front of brain, behind the eyes, largest lobe
function- movement, reasoning, higher level cognition, emotional control, expressive language
-superego
-personality housed here

48
Q

Brocca’s Area (expressive aphasia)

A

the ability to speak
(located in frontal lobe)

49
Q

Parietal Lobe

A

location-top middle of the brain

50
Q

Somatosensory Cortex

A

touch sensation from the body (touch, pain, pressure)

51
Q

Occipital Lobe

A

location-back portion of brain
function-primary visual cortex (receives info from the eyes)

52
Q

Visual Fields of Eyes

A

the total area in which objects can be seen in the side (peripheral) vision as you focus your eyes on a central point
-left, right ,right
-right, left, left

53
Q

Temporal Lobe

A

location-lower sides of the brain behind the ears
function- auditory center(receives and interprets info from the ears)
-ability to smell, taste

54
Q

Wernicke’s Area

A

receptive aphasia
-ability to understand written and spoken language
location- left temporal lobe

55
Q

Corpus Callosum

A

the two hemispheres of the cerebral cortex are connected by a band of nerves
-it carries messages back and forth between the 2

56
Q

Split Brain

A

cutting the corpus callosum controls seizures from getting ot the other hemisphere of the brain

57
Q

Stimulation

A

chemicals and electricity can be used to simulate parts of the brain

58
Q

Psychosurgery

A

brain surgery aimed at changing peoples thoughts and actions

59
Q

Lesions

A

destruction or removal of brain matter

60
Q

EEG

A

records electrical activity of the brain
-sleep

61
Q

CAT Scan

A

x rays passed though various angles of the brain
-can only show structure not function/activity

62
Q

MRI Scan

A

magnetic field

63
Q

PET Scan

A

see what areas of the brain are active during certain tasks
-how much of a chemical parts of the brain are asking

64
Q

fMRI

A

scan shows details of brain structure with information about blood flow or brain activity during cognitive tasks
-working brain

65
Q

Neuroscience/Biopsychology

A

explore the relationships between brain/nervous systems and behaviors

66
Q

Neurons

A

-basic cell of your nervous system
-basic unit of structure/function of your nervous system
-communicating using elctro-chemical messages

67
Q

Cell Body (soma)

A

largest mass in neuron contains the nucleus

68
Q

Nucleus

A

center of genetic information

69
Q

Dendrites

A

root like parts of the cell that extends from the cell body where neural impulses are received

70
Q

Axons

A

wire like structure that carries an impulse away from the cell body toward a synapse

71
Q

Myelin Sheath

A

protective fatty insulator on some axons that speeds neural impulses along well established (most used) axons

72
Q

Multiple Sclerosis

A

a disease that attacks the myelin of neurons in the central nervous system (MS)

73
Q

Axon Terminals

A

(terminal button, synaptic vesicle) series of branching endpoints of an axon where one neuron communicates by sending neurotransmitters to the next neuron

74
Q

Synapse

A

space between the axon terminals of one neuron and the dendrites of another
-neurotransmitter chemicals cross to next dendrite

75
Q

Neurotransmitter

A

chemical that passes between neurons

AP Psych Final Review (13 decks)

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