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AP Psych Final Review > Personality (5-7%) > Flashcards

Personality (5-7%) Flashcards

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1
Q

Personality

A

a unique pattern of consistent thoughts, behaviors that originate within the individual

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2
Q

Nomothetic Method

A

describe people’s personalities (group level) (nature)

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3
Q

Idiographic Method

A

few traits that best characterize that unique individual (nurture)

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4
Q

Biological Personality Theory

A

biological psychologists have linked personality to fluids in the body

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5
Q

Temperament

A

first personality; when you are a baby

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6
Q

Psychoanalytic Theory

A

personality was set in early childhood

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7
Q

Conscious

A

includes everything of which we are aware of at a particular moment

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8
Q

Preconscious

A

contains thoughts, memories, feelings, and images that we can recall easily (STM)

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9
Q

Unconscious

A

wishes, impulses, memories, and feelings that you are unaware of, repressed trauma/memories
-glimpses into slips of the tongue, dreams, projection

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10
Q

Id

A

devil, demands immediate gratification (nature)
-pleasure principle

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11
Q

Ego

A

you, mediator, decision maker, prevents discharge of tension
-reality prnciple

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12
Q

Superego

A

composed of conscience (guilt for doing bad things) and ego ideal (proud of yourself for good things)

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13
Q

Defense Mechanisms

A

deny, falsify, distort reality
-when ego is overwhelmed by threats, becomes flooded by anxiety and takes extreme measures to relieve pressure

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14
Q

Repression

A

pushing away thoughts/feelings/memories into unconscious mind (trauma/inside out dungeon)

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15
Q

Regression

A

immature behavior (regress to earlier development)

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16
Q

Rationalization

A

excuses, socially inappropriate behavior -> make behavior seem more normal

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17
Q

Displacement

A

shifting emotion from a more threatening person to a less threatening person/object (punting your dog out the window when you are mad at your mom)

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18
Q

Denial

A

refusing to believe reality despite overwhelming evidence

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19
Q

Projection

A

projecting your insecurities onto others (hypocrite)

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20
Q

Reaction Formation

A

saying you feel really strongly about something when its really the opposite (dealing with internal conflict)

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21
Q

Sublimation (substitute)

A

displacing negative emotions into something productive (really angry -> running)

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22
Q

Psychosexual Development Theory

A

“pleasure center” moves to a different area of sensitivity and unconscious conflict occurs
-believed sexual conflicts (pleasure obtained from the world) hidden from awareness caused most problems

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23
Q

Libido

A

life energy (specific to pleasure center)

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24
Q

Oral Stage

A

infant - explore world by sucking, biting, chewing

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25
Q

Anal Stage

A

1-3 toddler - potty training forcing/depriving

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26
Q

Phallic Stage

A

3-5 - stimulation of genitals becomes source of pleasure
-Oedipus Complex: girls have a sexual desire for fathers, boys have a sexual desire for mothers

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27
Q

Latency Period

A

6-12 - cooties stage, sexual energy -> finding friends

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28
Q

Genital Stage

A

puberty on - sexual attractions, dating, intimate relationships, stimulation obtained from others instead of own body

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29
Q

Criticism to Freud

A

-little to no empirical evidence
-exaggerating early childhood/sex
-he thought men were superior to women

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30
Q

Carl Jung - Psychodynamic

A

-agreed with early childhood but rejected Freud’s sex theory
-believed personality is shaped by cumulative experiences from past

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31
Q

Psyche

A

personality - 3 systems
-ego, personal unconscious, collective unconscious

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32
Q

Ego - Psychodynamic

A

conscious mind, feelings, how you see yourself, finding your identity

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33
Q

Personal Unconscious

A

unconscious mind (complexes)

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34
Q

Collective Unconscious

A

very powerful/influential, ancestors memories passed down through DNA

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35
Q

Archetypes

A

in collective unconscious, inherited memories

36
Q

Individuation

A

psychological process by which a person becomes an individual, a unified whole (balance/acceptance) (yin yang)

37
Q

Alfred Adler

A

believed people are motivated by fear of failure (inferiority complex)

38
Q

Oldest Child

A

responsible, protective, power-hungry

39
Q

Middle Child

A

ambitious, well adjusted

40
Q

Youngest Child

A

spoiled and weak

41
Q

Humanistic Theory of Personality

A

determinism id the belief that what happens is dictated by what has happened in the past
-humanists don’t believe in determinism they believe in free will
-needs met: problem centered rather than self centered approach to life

42
Q

Abraham Maslow + Carl Rogers

A

self actualization: best version of yourself, life’s goal (fully functioning)
-demands of society make you get off track

43
Q

Rogers Self Theory

A

self: an organized consistent set of beliefs and perceptions about yourself because of experiences
-further apart ideal and real self are, the more problems you have

44
Q

Real Self

A

how we really are

45
Q

Ideal Self

A

what we think society wants us to be

46
Q

Self Actualization (fully functioning)

A

real and ideal self have combined

47
Q

Self Concept

A

overall view of our abilities, behavior, and personality (what we know about ourselves)
-if we are well adjested we can adapt by modifying our self concept

48
Q

Self Esteem

A

part of self concept - how you evaluate yourself

49
Q

Unconditional Positive Regard

A

love and accept people around you unconditionally

50
Q

Behavioral Theory of Personality

A

Skinner believed behavior is personality, environment and experienced reinforcement shape who we become
-you change someones environment you change their personality

51
Q

Personal Construct Theory

A

George Kelly - bipolar categories help us categorize and interpret the world
-happy/mad, energetic/lazy, selfish/generous
-pattern of personal constructs determines out personality

52
Q

People who use too few categories

A

stereotype

53
Q

People who use too many categories

A

have difficulty predicting behavior

54
Q

Albert Bandura

A

reciprocal determinism: characteristics of the person, the persons behavior, and the environment
-change one and the others get changed too

55
Q

Person

A

your personality, how you think, how in control of emotions are you

56
Q

Persons Behavior

A

nature, frequency, and intensity of actions

57
Q

Environment

A

stimuli from social or physical environment and reinforcement

58
Q

Self Efficacy

A

belief that we can preform behaviors that are necessary to accomplish tasks; perssitent, confident
-affects risk-taking and trying new things
-can be high in one area and low in another

59
Q

Collective Efficacy

A

group based, group will achieve desired outcome

60
Q

Collectivism

A

primary identification of an individual as a member of a group, goals of a group as one’s own goals

61
Q

High Self Efficacy

A

North America, Western Europe

62
Q

High Collective Efficacy

A

Asian Societies

63
Q

Julian Rotter

A

locus of control: our life is a result of our own behavior or personal characteristics or function of luck and fate (control over your own life)

64
Q

Internal Locus of Control

A

you are in control, hardwork is rewarded

65
Q

External Locus of Control

A

everything is based on fate, luck, others

66
Q

The Big Five - Extraversion

A

outgoing/energetic, group seeking vs. solitary, reserved, alone

67
Q

The Big Five - Agreeableness

A

how trustworthy are you of others (suspicious and detached or friendly and compassionate)

68
Q

The Big Five - Conscientiousness

A

efficient, organized, in control vs. easy going, crazy, flexible

69
Q

The Big Five - Neuroticism

A

emotional stability (anxiety, depression, self consciousness vs. secure, confident, stable

70
Q

The Big Five - Openness to Experience

A

risk taking and curious/adventurous vs. cautious

71
Q

Behavioral Signatures

A

consistent ways of responding in similar situations

72
Q

Trait

A

relatively permanent characteristic of our personality that can be used to predict our behavior

73
Q

Gordon Allport

A

proposed 3 levels of traits
-Cardinal Trait: personality trait that dominates your personality
-Central Trait: general characteristic, average person has 5-10
-Secondary Trait: only happens in certain situations (phobias)

74
Q

Hans Eysenck

A

factor analysis: tried to classify traits with actions (criminals)

75
Q

Neuroticism

A

stability, in control of emotions, calm level headed vs. hot headed

76
Q

Psychoticism

A

how insensitive or empathetic you are (empathy vs apathy)

77
Q

Assessment

A

techniques: how you collect data, interviews, observations

78
Q

Structured Interview

A

series of planned questions ask a bunch of people the same questions (verbal and non verbal)

79
Q

Unstructured Interview

A

pretty much a conversation, guided by the answerer

80
Q

Direct Observation

A

creeping

81
Q

Behavioral Assessment

A

frequency of specific behaviors

82
Q

Projection

A

defense mechanisms used to cope with difficult feelings or emotions

83
Q

Projective Personality Test

A

present inkblots/pictures, reveal unconscious mind (psychoanalytic)

84
Q

Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

A

believe you will an internal psychological state onto an external; peoples stories would reveal themselves (sex, power, achievement)

85
Q

Self Report Method

A

fill out a questionnaire, most common assessment

86
Q

MMPI-2

A

most widely used self report instrument
-567 true/false questions that reveal things about your personality

87
Q

Barnum Effect

A

how gullible we are when taking personality tests, behaviorists would reject ALL personality tests; you need to watch and observe their behavior

AP Psych Final Review (13 decks)

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