Psychological Disorders (7-9%) Flashcards
DIverted Attention
unable to focus attention
Paranoid Schizophrenia
delusions of persecution and grandeur and reference
misinterpretation of reality
Dopamine Hypothesis
chemical imbalance in the brain of too much dopamine
Schizoid Personality Disorder
characterized by a lack of interest in social relationships, being a loner, secretiveness, emotional coldness and apathy
affected individuals may also demonstrate a rich internal fantasy world
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
obsession- uncontrollable pattern of thoughts
compulsion- repeatedly perform irrational actions
Somatic Symptom Disorders
physical symptoms with no cause
Somantization Disorder
complaints about vague and unverifiable medical conditions such as dizziness, heart palpitations, nausea
Conversion Disorder
emotional difficulties are turned into loss of physiological functioning with no actual physical damage
-fainting, paralysis, blind, deaf
Hypochondriasis
person in good health becomes preoccupied with imaginary ailments
Dissociative Disorders
disruption of conscious process like memory, identity or consciousness
Dissociative Amnesia
this disorder is characterized by a blocking out of critical personal information, usually of a traumatic or stressful nature
Dissociative Fugue
amnesia plus active flight to a different environment
-no clue who or where they are
Dissociative Identity Disorder
AKA multiple personally disorder
-two or more distinct personalities of any age or sex that often oppose each other
Mood Disorders
marked by extreme or inappropriate emotion
Major Depressive Disorder
person experiences feelings of despair, hopelessness, and diminished pleasure in many activities
-illogical conclusions about themselves and their environment
-unhappy for long periods of time
-low serotonin
Seasonal Affective Disorder
depression that recurs, usually during the winter months in the northern latitudes
-caused by lack of sunlight
Bipolar Disorder
inappropriately happy or unhappy
-marked by periods of mania alternating with longer periods of major depression
Mania
elation, confusion, racing thoughts, exaggerated self esteem, irresponsible behavior, unending optimism
Depressive
feelings of failure/despair
-same as major depression
-some have a large break in between and others don’t
Learned Helplessness
feeling of futility that results from inability to avoid repeated bad luck
Suicide Attempts
more women then men attempt suicide but more men succeed
Schizophrenia
disorder characterized by problems with distorted cognition
Positive Symptoms
excesses in behavior, thought, or mood
-things are added
Negative Symptoms
deficits like flat affect (emotionless) or catatonia
Catatonia
frozen, still
Delusions
false beliefs maintained in the face of contrary evidence
-delusions of persecution and grandeur
Hallucinations
false sensory perceptions, such as the experience of seeing, hearing, or otherwise perceiving something that is not present
-voices are most common
Disorganized Schizophrenia
behaviors includes incoherent speech, inappropriate mood, hallucinations, delusional thoughts
-may make no sense when talking and acting in a very bizarre way that is inappropriate
-laughing in a funeral
Catatonic Schizophrenia
disordered movement patterns of frenzied and excited behavior
-statue state
Causes of Schizophrenia
dopamine hypothesis, diathesis-stress model, deterioration of brain tissue, genetics
Diathesis Stress Model
schizophrenia is caused by a genetic vulnerability coupled with environmental and psychological stressors
Personality Disorders
seem abnormal because unable to establish meaningful relationships assume social responsibilities or adapt to social environment
Paranoid Personality Disorder
unwarranted suspiciousness and mistrust (males)
Histrionic Personality Disorder
excessively dramatic seeking attention, tending to overreact (females)
Narcissistic Personality Disorder
unrealistically self important; manipulative; expects special treatment; can’t take criticism (males)
Borderline Personality Disorder
emotionally unstable; impulsive; irritable; prone to boredom (females)
Dependent Personality Disorder
clinging behavior, has difficulty making everyday decisions without an excessive amount of advice and reassurance from others
Antisocial Personality Disorder
AKA sociopath, psychopath
-selfish, treat people as objects, thrill seeking, no shame or guilt, manipulative, can mimic emotions they do not feel
Paraphilia or Psychosexual Disorder
sexual attraction to an object, person, or activity not usually seen as sexual
Masochist
one who enjoys his or her own pain and suffering
males are better than females mindset
Sadist
one who takes pleasure in hurting someone else
Drugs and Alcohol
they can change the chemical makes up of the brain and cause disorders like addiction or schizophrenia
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
a disorder characterized by restlessness, inattentiveness, and impulsivity
-1 to 10 ratio girls to boys
-fastest growing disorder in the U.S.
Autism
neurological disorder; lack of responsiveness to others; impairment in verbal and nonverbal communications; very limited actions and interests; often engage in repetitive behaviors
Down Syndrome
genetic condition caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21
Who determines what is abnormal?
society
Abnormal Behavior
behavior that is personally distributing or disabling or culturally so deviant that others judge it as inappropriate
Insanity
legally not knowing right from wrong
Psychoanalytic Causes of Behavior
results from internal conflict in the unconscious stemming from early childhood traumas
Humanist Causes of Abnormal Behavior
conditions of worth that society places on the individual, results in poor self concept, self esteem or persons feeling
Biological Causes of Abnormal Behavior
inherited or brain disorders, neurochemical and or hormonal imbalances or structural damage
Cognitive Causes of Abnormal Behavior
irrational and illogical perceptions and belief systems
Sociocultural Causes of Abnormal Behavior
social ills such as racism, sexism, and poverty lie at the heart of psychological disorders
DSM-5
offers a common language and standard criteria for the classification of mental disorders
-description of symptoms
-not causes or treatments
Psychological Disorders
it is only when they disrupt everyday life that it is thought of as a disorder or illness
Anxiety
vague feeling that one is in danger
-seems unable to free themselves from recurring worries and fears
-difficult to make decisions and enjoy life
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
always anxious, apprehensive, feelings of danger
-worry about many things that go from one to another
-muscle tension and inability to relax
Phobia
irrational fear of a particular object, activity or situation
-possibly through classical conditioning
Specific Phobia
involve public scrutiny
-fear of a situation in public where you could embarrass yourself
Agoraphobia
fear of open public spaces
Panic Disorder
sudden and explainable attacks of intense fear, feelings of inevitable doom or death
Panic Attack
choking, chest pain, dizziness, trembling, hot flashes, nausea
