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AP Psych Final Review > States of Consciousness (2-4%) > Flashcards

States of Consciousness (2-4%) Flashcards

1
Q

Circadian Cycles

A

any 24 hour cycle ( physical, mental, behavior) sleep, waking, eating
-primarily respond to light dark cycles
-controlled by hypothalamus releases neurotransmitter, serotonin

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2
Q

Dualism

A

believes everything consists of two materials, thought and matter
-continues after death

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3
Q

Monism

A

everything is the same substance
-thought dies with the body

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4
Q

Altered State of Consciousness

A

everything is the same substance
-thought dies with the body

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5
Q

Attention

A

a state of focused awareness

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6
Q

Preconscious

A

ideas, memories, feelings that can easily be brought to awareness
-memory bank

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7
Q

Subliminal Perception

A

unconscious perception of a stimuli

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8
Q

Unconsiousness

A

loss of responsiveness to the environment

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9
Q

Sleep Cycle

A

4-6 cycles of sleep
lasts 90-100 minutes each

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10
Q

EEG

A

measures brain waves or brain activity

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11
Q

Hypniagogic Jerks

A

twitching movements

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12
Q

Sleep Spindles

A

small bursts of rapid electrical activity

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13
Q

Sonnambulism

A

sleepwalking

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14
Q

Sleep Paralysis

A

when major muscle groups are paralyzed during sleep
-waking up unable to move

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15
Q

Newborn Hours of Sleep

A

16-18 hours

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16
Q

Teen Hours of Sleep

A

9-10 hours

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17
Q

Memory Consolidation Theory

A

sleep is necessary to consolidate new information from daily experiences into long term memory (schemas)
-children sleep more because they are taking in more information

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18
Q

Adaptive Sleep Theory

A

conserves energy and restores body
-evloved to protect sleeper from harm
(not safe to walk in dark)

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19
Q

REM Behavior Disorder

A

act out dreams while sleeping

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20
Q

Narcolepsy

A

conserves energy and restores body
-evloved to protect sleeper from harm
(not safe to walk in dark)

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21
Q

Most Memorable Dreams

A

emotional REM dreams

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22
Q

Lucid Dreaming

A

you are aware that you are dreaming and can control the story line of the dream

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23
Q

Activation-Synthesis Theory

A

dreams don’t make sense
-cerebral cortex
-rapid fire of neurotransmitters
-biological theory

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24
Q

Latent

A

underlying symbolism or meaning of a dream

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25
Problem Solving Theory
provides an opportunity to work through everyday emotional and cognitive problems -more dreams when stressed
26
Hypnosis
suggestible
27
Restorative Theory of Sleep
the theory that the function of sleep is to restore body and mind -Stage 3 -rest, recuperate, rejuvenate deprivation of delta waves can leave you sick and exhausted
28
Hallucinations
perceptions that have no external cause -hypnosis, meditation, drugs, withdrawal, high emotion, concentration, fatigue
29
After Stimulant Effects
synapse floods with dopamine produce tolerance, withdrawal effects, sleep disturbance, reduced appetite, increased anxiety, heart problems
30
Depressants
slow down central nervous system, relaxation, drowsiness, impaired judgement, and coordination -alcohol, tranquilizers, anti-anxiety med, inhalants
31
After Depressants Effect
permanent damage to brain and liver death to withdrawal muscle tremors
32
Alcohol
most widely used and abused mind altering substance in the U.S. hippocampus and cerebellum are affected
33
Methadone
used to wean off heroin users
34
Hallucinogens/ Psychadelics
alter perceptions and cause hallucinations LSD, marijuana, mescaline, mushrooms, PCP, peyote, ecstasy
35
LSD
most studied and very potent hallucinations -panic is a side affect
36
Hallucinogens Effects
flashbacks, psychological disorders
37
Psychological Dependence
use of a drug to an extent that the person feels nervous or anxious without
38
Withdrawal Symptoms
include intense craving for the drug and effects opposite to those the drug usually induces -violent headaches and shaking
39
Consciousness
state of awareness, including feelings, sensations, ideas and perceptions
40
Waking Conscious
everything you think and feel
41
William James (factors of consciousness)
-continuous -always changing -personal experience -selective
42
Conscious
ideas, memories, feelings that you are actively aware of
43
Unconscious
ideas, memories, feelings that are not available -unconscious thoughts influence us
44
Nonconscious
level of consciousness devoted to bodily processes -completely inaccessible to conscious awareness
45
Melatonin
hormone that is secreted by the pineal gland -increases in low light and plays role in circadian rhythms and promoting sleep
46
Beta Waves
waves shown when awake and alert
47
Stage 1 Sleep
lightest level of sleep -alpha waves takes over -feeling of falling or floating -hypniagogic jerks -theta waves appear -lasts 1 to 7 minutes
48
Stage 2 Sleep
dominated by theta waves -sleep spindles -k complexes -lasts about 30 minutes -most time spent in stage 2
49
K Complexes
high amplitude slow brain waves
50
Stage 3 Sleep
deepest level of sleep -brain emits very slow delta waves -heart rate, breathing, blood pressure and body temperature are at nights lowest -sleep walking, sleep talking and night terrors -1 hour to an hour and a half
51
REM
rapid eye movement -active sleep -body functions act as they would if you were awake -muscles are paralyzed most memorable dreams occur -stress = more REM -important for babies physical and neural growth
52
Deprived REM
person will become anxious, testy, hungry and have difficulty concentrating -do not dream -suffer mentally and emotionally
53
Percentage of REM
NREM- 75-80% REM- 20-25%
54
Adult Hours of Sleep
8-9 hours of sleep
55
70+ hours of sleep
could be less than 5 hours
56
Sleep Deprivation
lack of sleep makes you drowsy, unable to concentrate, impairs memory and immune system
57
Percentage of Sleep Deprived People
66% of people do not get enough sleep
58
Insomnia
difficulty in falling asleep or staying asleep -by far most common (10% of people are affected)
59
Sleep Apnea
person has trouble or stops breathing during sleep -second most common -very dangerous -obesity, mental stress, airway blockage (causes) -most common in overweight men
60
Dreams
mental activity during sleep -prefrontal cortex is offline
61
Night Terrors
abrupt awakenings with panic and intense emotional arousal -2 to 6 years old -Stage 3
62
Freud's Dream Perspective
dreams allow us to see into the unconscious mind or repressed wishes
63
Manifest
story line
64
Information Processing Theory
integrate information from the day to our memory -babies sleep more because they intake more information
65
Posthypnotic Suggestion
can help change unwanted behaviors such as smoking or overeacting -pain management -recovery of memories
66
Biofeedback
involves learning how to use the mind to control autonomic/biological responses -heart rate, blood pressure, skin temp, sweat glands, migraines
67
Meditation
focusing attention on an image or thought with the goal of clearing ones mind -used in stress management -brain activity looks like you are awake but very relaxed -inner peace
68
Agonist
enhances neurotransmitters, activates neurons
69
Antagonist
inhibit neurotransmitters block activation of neurons
70
Psychoactive Drug
chemicals that affect mental processes and behaviors by changing conscious awareness of reality stimulants,depressants, narcotics, hallucinogens
71
Stimulants
excite the central nervous system especially autonomic functions like heart and respiration rate -increases mental alertness and reduces physical fatigue and appetite
72
Narcotics (opiates)
relieve pain/ induce sleep -mimic the action of endorphins (natural pain and stress fighters) -opum, morphine, heroin, methadone, oxycodone -most addictive because they rapidly change brain chemistry and create tolerance and withdrawal symptoms
73
After Narcotics Effects
exposure to infectious diseases death by overdose hallucinate bugs under skin
74
Marijuana
enhances sensory experiences
75
Addiction
changes brain chemistry from taking the drug necessitate taking the drug again to prevent withdrawal symptoms -neurons change to take in more
76
Tolerance
if a person uses a drug repeatedly they need more to fulfill the crave

AP Psych Final Review (13 decks)

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