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AP Psych Final Review > States of Consciousness (2-4%) > Flashcards

States of Consciousness (2-4%) Flashcards

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1
Q

Circadian Cycles

A

any 24 hour cycle ( physical, mental, behavior) sleep, waking, eating
-primarily respond to light dark cycles
-controlled by hypothalamus releases neurotransmitter, serotonin

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2
Q

Dualism

A

believes everything consists of two materials, thought and matter
-continues after death

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3
Q

Monism

A

everything is the same substance
-thought dies with the body

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4
Q

Altered State of Consciousness

A

everything is the same substance
-thought dies with the body

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5
Q

Attention

A

a state of focused awareness

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6
Q

Preconscious

A

ideas, memories, feelings that can easily be brought to awareness
-memory bank

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7
Q

Subliminal Perception

A

unconscious perception of a stimuli

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8
Q

Unconsiousness

A

loss of responsiveness to the environment

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9
Q

Sleep Cycle

A

4-6 cycles of sleep
lasts 90-100 minutes each

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10
Q

EEG

A

measures brain waves or brain activity

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11
Q

Hypniagogic Jerks

A

twitching movements

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12
Q

Sleep Spindles

A

small bursts of rapid electrical activity

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13
Q

Sonnambulism

A

sleepwalking

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14
Q

Sleep Paralysis

A

when major muscle groups are paralyzed during sleep
-waking up unable to move

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15
Q

Newborn Hours of Sleep

A

16-18 hours

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16
Q

Teen Hours of Sleep

A

9-10 hours

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17
Q

Memory Consolidation Theory

A

sleep is necessary to consolidate new information from daily experiences into long term memory (schemas)
-children sleep more because they are taking in more information

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18
Q

Adaptive Sleep Theory

A

conserves energy and restores body
-evloved to protect sleeper from harm
(not safe to walk in dark)

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19
Q

REM Behavior Disorder

A

act out dreams while sleeping

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20
Q

Narcolepsy

A

conserves energy and restores body
-evloved to protect sleeper from harm
(not safe to walk in dark)

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21
Q

Most Memorable Dreams

A

emotional REM dreams

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22
Q

Lucid Dreaming

A

you are aware that you are dreaming and can control the story line of the dream

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23
Q

Activation-Synthesis Theory

A

dreams don’t make sense
-cerebral cortex
-rapid fire of neurotransmitters
-biological theory

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24
Q

Latent

A

underlying symbolism or meaning of a dream

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25
Q

Problem Solving Theory

A

provides an opportunity to work through everyday emotional and cognitive problems
-more dreams when stressed

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26
Q

Hypnosis

A

suggestible

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27
Q

Restorative Theory of Sleep

A

the theory that the function of sleep is to restore body and mind
-Stage 3
-rest, recuperate, rejuvenate
deprivation of delta waves can leave you sick and exhausted

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28
Q

Hallucinations

A

perceptions that have no external cause
-hypnosis, meditation, drugs, withdrawal, high emotion, concentration, fatigue

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29
Q

After Stimulant Effects

A

synapse floods with dopamine
produce tolerance, withdrawal effects, sleep disturbance, reduced appetite, increased anxiety, heart problems

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30
Q

Depressants

A

slow down central nervous system, relaxation, drowsiness, impaired judgement, and coordination
-alcohol, tranquilizers, anti-anxiety med, inhalants

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31
Q

After Depressants Effect

A

permanent damage to brain and liver
death to withdrawal
muscle tremors

32
Q

Alcohol

A

most widely used and abused mind altering substance in the U.S.
hippocampus and cerebellum are affected

33
Q

Methadone

A

used to wean off heroin users

34
Q

Hallucinogens/ Psychadelics

A

alter perceptions and cause hallucinations
LSD, marijuana, mescaline, mushrooms, PCP, peyote, ecstasy

35
Q

LSD

A

most studied and very potent hallucinations
-panic is a side affect

36
Q

Hallucinogens Effects

A

flashbacks, psychological disorders

37
Q

Psychological Dependence

A

use of a drug to an extent that the person feels nervous or anxious without

38
Q

Withdrawal Symptoms

A

include intense craving for the drug and effects opposite to those the drug usually induces
-violent headaches and shaking

39
Q

Consciousness

A

state of awareness, including feelings, sensations, ideas and perceptions

40
Q

Waking Conscious

A

everything you think and feel

41
Q

William James (factors of consciousness)

A

-continuous
-always changing
-personal experience
-selective

42
Q

Conscious

A

ideas, memories, feelings that you are actively aware of

43
Q

Unconscious

A

ideas, memories, feelings that are not available
-unconscious thoughts influence us

44
Q

Nonconscious

A

level of consciousness devoted to bodily processes
-completely inaccessible to conscious awareness

45
Q

Melatonin

A

hormone that is secreted by the pineal gland
-increases in low light and plays role in circadian rhythms and promoting sleep

46
Q

Beta Waves

A

waves shown when awake and alert

47
Q

Stage 1 Sleep

A

lightest level of sleep
-alpha waves takes over
-feeling of falling or floating
-hypniagogic jerks
-theta waves appear
-lasts 1 to 7 minutes

48
Q

Stage 2 Sleep

A

dominated by theta waves
-sleep spindles
-k complexes
-lasts about 30 minutes
-most time spent in stage 2

49
Q

K Complexes

A

high amplitude slow brain waves

50
Q

Stage 3 Sleep

A

deepest level of sleep
-brain emits very slow delta waves
-heart rate, breathing, blood pressure and body temperature are at nights lowest
-sleep walking, sleep talking and night terrors
-1 hour to an hour and a half

51
Q

REM

A

rapid eye movement
-active sleep
-body functions act as they would if you were awake
-muscles are paralyzed
most memorable dreams occur
-stress = more REM
-important for babies physical and neural growth

52
Q

Deprived REM

A

person will become anxious, testy, hungry and have difficulty concentrating
-do not dream
-suffer mentally and emotionally

53
Q

Percentage of REM

A

NREM- 75-80%
REM- 20-25%

54
Q

Adult Hours of Sleep

A

8-9 hours of sleep

55
Q

70+ hours of sleep

A

could be less than 5 hours

56
Q

Sleep Deprivation

A

lack of sleep makes you drowsy, unable to concentrate, impairs memory and immune system

57
Q

Percentage of Sleep Deprived People

A

66% of people do not get enough sleep

58
Q

Insomnia

A

difficulty in falling asleep or staying asleep
-by far most common (10% of people are affected)

59
Q

Sleep Apnea

A

person has trouble or stops breathing during sleep
-second most common
-very dangerous
-obesity, mental stress, airway blockage (causes)
-most common in overweight men

60
Q

Dreams

A

mental activity during sleep
-prefrontal cortex is offline

61
Q

Night Terrors

A

abrupt awakenings with panic and intense emotional arousal
-2 to 6 years old
-Stage 3

62
Q

Freud’s Dream Perspective

A

dreams allow us to see into the unconscious mind or repressed wishes

63
Q

Manifest

A

story line

64
Q

Information Processing Theory

A

integrate information from the day to our memory
-babies sleep more because they intake more information

65
Q

Posthypnotic Suggestion

A

can help change unwanted behaviors such as smoking or overeacting
-pain management
-recovery of memories

66
Q

Biofeedback

A

involves learning how to use the mind to control autonomic/biological responses
-heart rate, blood pressure, skin temp, sweat glands, migraines

67
Q

Meditation

A

focusing attention on an image or thought with the goal of clearing ones mind
-used in stress management
-brain activity looks like you are awake but very relaxed
-inner peace

68
Q

Agonist

A

enhances neurotransmitters, activates neurons

69
Q

Antagonist

A

inhibit neurotransmitters block activation of neurons

70
Q

Psychoactive Drug

A

chemicals that affect mental processes and behaviors by changing conscious awareness of reality
stimulants,depressants, narcotics, hallucinogens

71
Q

Stimulants

A

excite the central nervous system especially autonomic functions like heart and respiration rate
-increases mental alertness and reduces physical fatigue and appetite

72
Q

Narcotics (opiates)

A

relieve pain/ induce sleep
-mimic the action of endorphins (natural pain and stress fighters)
-opum, morphine, heroin, methadone, oxycodone
-most addictive because they rapidly change brain chemistry and create tolerance and withdrawal symptoms

73
Q

After Narcotics Effects

A

exposure to infectious diseases
death by overdose
hallucinate bugs under skin

74
Q

Marijuana

A

enhances sensory experiences

75
Q

Addiction

A

changes brain chemistry from taking the drug necessitate taking the drug again to prevent withdrawal symptoms
-neurons change to take in more

76
Q

Tolerance

A

if a person uses a drug repeatedly they need more to fulfill the crave

AP Psych Final Review (13 decks)

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