Intro (2-4%) Flashcards
Psychologist
studies behavior and mental processes
Based on Empirical Evidence
observation, experimentation, measurement
Pseudoscience
false science
Scientific Method
1.description: specific problem or question and gather info
2.explanation: hypothesis- (assumption that hasn’t been proven, educated) theory-(tested and true)
3. collect data: observation, experiment, survey, questionnaires, study past behavior
4. analyze data
5. avoid bias
Basic Science/Research
finding out more about something just to find out; doesn’t really help anything
Applied Science/Research
finding out more about something to benefit humanity in some way
Systematic Study
anyone using scientific method -> similar/same results
400 BC
Socrates taught Plato, Plato taught Aristotle
-S+P believed mind is separate from body (knowledge is innate)
-A said knowledge grows from experiences (memory)
1600’s
Descartes: dualism = mind and body are separate (spirits-> nerves)
John Locke: born as a blank slate, empiricism = knowledge originates in experiences
Structuralism
basic elements of conscious experiences (studying thoughts/structure of thoughts)
-Wilhelm Wundt: father of psychology, first mind lab
-Introspection: look inward, self observe, record all thoughts and share
Functionalism
what are the goals/purpose of our behavior
-William James: influenced by Darwin; all of your mind functions to help species adapt to our environment
-wrote Principles of Psychology (first psych textbook)
Gestalt Psychology
Max Wertheimer, the whole experience(perception) is often more than the sum of its parts
Sigmund Frued
interested in understanding the unconscious mind
Unconsciousness
deep innaccessible level of consciousness, repository of primitive sexual, aggressive and socially inappropriate instincts
-all motivation is hedonistic (seek pleasure avoid pain)
-usually problems in early childhood
-all behaviors are motivated by unconscious motives
Free Association
patient says everything that comes to mind without assigning logic or meaning
Nature vs. Nurture
to what extent are our abilities, characteristics, and behaviors the result of our genetics vs. our surroundings and experience
Sir Francis Galton
inherited traits, everything in your genes
Ivan Pavlov
-behaviorism
classical conditioning discovered while studying digestion in dogs
John B Watson
-behaviorism
stressed observable and measurable behavior, all behavioral reactions to events in the environment
-CC: conditioned a baby to fear a white rat
Abraham Maslow/ Carl Rogers
-humanism
free will and potential are ignored by other fields, people are good society corrupts you, goal is to acquire positive self concepts
Jean Piaget
-cognitive
the way we think, perceive, and interpret our world affects our behavior
Learning Perspective
behavior=experiences with the environment experience influences action, mental processes and genetics are NOT important, behaviorism and sociocultural psych both fit under here
Evolutionary
studying the adaptive nature of ones genetic past and the connection to their current mental processes, behaviors, and traits
Biological
stresses chemical and structural factors in the body
-genetics, brain, nervous system
