Intro (2-4%)

Question 1

Psychologist

Answer 1

studies behavior and mental processes

Question 2

Based on Empirical Evidence

Answer 2

observation, experimentation, measurement

Question 3

Pseudoscience

Answer 3

false science

Question 4

Scientific Method

Answer 4

1.description: specific problem or question and gather info
2.explanation: hypothesis- (assumption that hasn’t been proven, educated) theory-(tested and true)
3. collect data: observation, experiment, survey, questionnaires, study past behavior
4. analyze data
5. avoid bias

Question 5

Basic Science/Research

Answer 5

finding out more about something just to find out; doesn’t really help anything

Question 6

Applied Science/Research

Answer 6

finding out more about something to benefit humanity in some way

Question 7

Systematic Study

Answer 7

anyone using scientific method -> similar/same results

Question 8

400 BC

Answer 8

Socrates taught Plato, Plato taught Aristotle
-S+P believed mind is separate from body (knowledge is innate)
-A said knowledge grows from experiences (memory)

Question 9

1600’s

Answer 9

Descartes: dualism = mind and body are separate (spirits-> nerves)
John Locke: born as a blank slate, empiricism = knowledge originates in experiences

Question 10

Structuralism

Answer 10

basic elements of conscious experiences (studying thoughts/structure of thoughts)
-Wilhelm Wundt: father of psychology, first mind lab
-Introspection: look inward, self observe, record all thoughts and share

Question 11

Functionalism

Answer 11

what are the goals/purpose of our behavior
-William James: influenced by Darwin; all of your mind functions to help species adapt to our environment
-wrote Principles of Psychology (first psych textbook)

Question 12

Gestalt Psychology

Answer 12

Max Wertheimer, the whole experience(perception) is often more than the sum of its parts

Question 13

Sigmund Frued

Answer 13

interested in understanding the unconscious mind

Question 14

Unconsciousness

Answer 14

deep innaccessible level of consciousness, repository of primitive sexual, aggressive and socially inappropriate instincts
-all motivation is hedonistic (seek pleasure avoid pain)
-usually problems in early childhood
-all behaviors are motivated by unconscious motives

Question 15

Free Association

Answer 15

patient says everything that comes to mind without assigning logic or meaning

Question 16

Nature vs. Nurture

Answer 16

to what extent are our abilities, characteristics, and behaviors the result of our genetics vs. our surroundings and experience

Question 17

Sir Francis Galton

Answer 17

inherited traits, everything in your genes

Question 18

Ivan Pavlov

Answer 18

-behaviorism
classical conditioning discovered while studying digestion in dogs

Question 19

John B Watson

Answer 19

-behaviorism
stressed observable and measurable behavior, all behavioral reactions to events in the environment
-CC: conditioned a baby to fear a white rat

Question 20

Abraham Maslow/ Carl Rogers

Answer 20

-humanism
free will and potential are ignored by other fields, people are good society corrupts you, goal is to acquire positive self concepts

Question 21

Jean Piaget

Answer 21

-cognitive
the way we think, perceive, and interpret our world affects our behavior

Question 22

Learning Perspective

Answer 22

behavior=experiences with the environment experience influences action, mental processes and genetics are NOT important, behaviorism and sociocultural psych both fit under here

Question 23

Evolutionary

Answer 23

studying the adaptive nature of ones genetic past and the connection to their current mental processes, behaviors, and traits

Question 24

Biological

Answer 24

stresses chemical and structural factors in the body
-genetics, brain, nervous system

Question 25

Sociocultural

Answer 25

study of the impact of the group on behavior

Question 26

Eclectic

Answer 26

combination of many ideas/techniques, find what works well