Theories of Personality

Question 1

what is a psychoanalytic theory?

Answer 1

• Made by Freud
• Childhood experiences and unconscious desires influences behaviours
  
  • Libido: natural energy source that fuels the mechanism of the mind. - the energy is fixed at various psychosexual developments conflicts can occur.
    
    • For example: if someone is stuck in the oral psychosexuality development of personality they can be stuck of by being having oral personality characteristics such as smoking habits/ overly talkative when they grow up

Question 2

What is Freud personality theory iceberg?

Answer 2

1. Conscious part of our mind -everything that we are aware of (tip of the iceberg)
2. Id: unconscious part of our mind that develops right after birth and ask for immediate gratification
3. Ego: part of the conscious and the unconscious mind- ego is trying to gratify the id but also balances between the ego and the superego.
4. Superego: moral campuses are in a conflict, superego represents the values of society

Mental conflict: a

Question 3

What is a humanistic theory?

Answer 3

• Says individuals have free will and that everyone can develop themselves to their highest potential and establish actualization.
• focuses on the consious
• people are inheritantly good and are self-motivated to improve

Question 4

Who is the scientist of the humanistic theory?

Answer 4

Humanistic theory answers the questions who I am

1. Maslow: all of our needs are build within these pyramids
   
   1. physiological needs first
   2. safety needs
   3. love
   4. self-esteem
   5. Self- actualization: people who are self-aware, wise and interest are problems center, they have a higher purpose - this is rarely achieved 1% achieve that.
2. Carl rogers: The qualities of Maslow are nurtured throughout life
   
   1. Self-actualization: happens in an environment where there is growth.
      
      1. growth happens when the conditions allow for
         
         1. Genuine: open to reveal themselves
         2. Acceptance: an acceptance from others, allows us to be open and not fear that others are going to look at us differently when we are at the wrong.
         3. Self-concept: when you mix genuine and acceptance together

Question 5

What is the Biological theory?

Answer 5

This theory states that we inherited genes that lead to our traits, which lead to our behaviour and personality.

Studies looked to check this look at identical twins and find out that even in the different environments some things about them will stay the same.

• Social potency: how someone assumes a leadership role in a social situation
• Traditionalism: how someone follows authority and how this is common to twins
• Temperament: innate disposition and our mood levels

Question 6

What is the behaviour theory?

Answer 6

• Behavior theorists don’t take theories that take thoughts and feelings into account.
  
  • Skinner: operant conditioning ( reward and punishment to increase and decrease behaviour)
  • Pavlov: associated with classical conditioning

Question 7

What is a trait theory?

Answer 7

• Helps describe personality via identifiable patterns of behaviors
• What is a traits: a relatively stable characteristic in an individual, that cause individual to behave consistently. No to people have the exact personality.
  *

Question 8

Who are the personality trait theorist?

Answer 8

1. Allport: 4500 traits
   
   1. three basic traits- we all have different traits:
      
      1. Cardinal (Dominant trait-influence all of our behaviors ), Central (less dominant i.e honesty), secondary (preferences or attitudes- don’t eat meat)
2. Cattell: categorize all of our traits into 16 personality traits
3. Eysenck: three major dimension we all have all traits but the degrees to which we express them are different.
   
   1. Extraversion: degree of sociability
   2. Neuroticism: the emotional ability
   3. Psychoticism: the degree to which reality is distorted
4. The big 5 traits: OCEAN
   
   1. Openness: independent
   2. consciousness: careful or careless
   3. extraversion:
   4. Agreeableness: are you kind or cold
   5. neuroticism: are you stable or tense, secure or insecure
   6. factor analysis