Demographics

Question 1

What is the dependency ratio?

Answer 1

• ratios between the economically active and the non-economically active people inside a population
• age based ratio take people older than 14 but who are younger than 65 who are not in the labour forces and compare them to people who are younger

Question 2

What is the life course theory?

Answer 2

• Aging is a social, psychological and biological process that begins from the time you are born until the time you die

Question 3

What is age stratification theory?

Answer 3

• age can provide a way to regulate behavior

Question 4

what is activity theory?

Answer 4

• look at how older generations look at themselves

Question 5

WHat is disengagement theory?

Answer 5

• Older adults and society separate, they become more self-absorbed as they age. but they assume that elderly people that are part of society are not adjusting well.

Question 6

What is continuity theory?

Answer 6

• people try to maintain the same basic structure throughout their lives, as they become older they make decision to adapt to change

Question 7

what is Race vs. Ethnicity?

Answer 7

• Race: is a socially defined category based on physical differences between groups of people.
  
  • Racial formation theory: look at things that are formed based on racial construction characteristics
• Ethnicity: socially defined by shared language, religion, history, of some other cultural factors

Question 8

What are certain drastic effect that race differences can cause?

Answer 8

1. genocide or population transfer
2. intercolonialism
3. assimilation: resembling another group

Question 9

What is pluralism?

Answer 9

• the ability to encourage racial and ethnic variation
• pluralism, the state of having more than others, respect for diversity
  *

Question 10

What is immigration and what are certain things they may face?

Answer 10

• Immigration can be hard for people
• They can tax the country economics- on pressuring welfare capabilities of the country
• They can alleviate labor shortage but can be exploited if the nation doesn’t care about global well-being

Country laws

• every country have their own countries - US immigration reform control act - forbiding hiring lega immigrants
• some countries encourage immigrants to keep money in the local economy instead of sending it home.

Question 11

What are the five consideration of gender?

Answer 11

1. Biological: XX or XY but some can be intersex and have more than one characteristic
2. Gender: a social construct and is made of identity and expression but people can choose what they want
   
   1. cis-gender: biological male identify as male
   2. trans: biological male identify as female
   3. queer: no sex
3. Sexual orientation: it depends on what you attracted to, you can be attracted to any gender but only have sex with one sex

Question 12

What is the Gender schema theory? and the gender script?

Answer 12

• Congnition that makes up the make identity
• gender script: organized information that worry anoit order of actions appropriate to a familiar situation, basically how you supposed to carry yourself

Question 13

What is urbanization? what would people move from rural to urban areas ?

Answer 13

• The movement of people from rural to urban areas
  
  • Rural: less than 1000 people per square mile and less than 25000 residents
  • Urban: cities and town with more than 1000 people
    
    • cities: over 50000 people
      
      • site of culture but have high crime rates
    • metropolis over 500 000 people - or megapolis if many of them are connected
• Why would people move?
  
  • more jobs
  • not enough land to farm
  • crowding can occur, and people feel like they belong less

Question 14

What are suburbanization?

Answer 14

• When people move away from cities, the only difficulty is that the commute to work can be hard. Some can form their own economic centres.
  
  • silicon valley
• Urban renewal: changing old part of cities for become better, can lead however to gentrification
• Rural rebound: when people are tired of cities and move to suburban areas

Question 15

What is population dynamics?

Answer 15

• a way to look at population changes
• what are the 3 factors that affect it :
  
  • Fertility: making babies increase the population
  • Migration: people moving in the countries
  • Mortality: death decrease population

Question 16

How to we measure population dynamics?

Answer 16

• Rate of 1 year and per 1000 people
• Increase population: births and immigration
• Decrease: death and emigration can calculate mortality rate by age group or country

Question 17

What is Demographic transition? and waht are the 5 stages

Answer 17

• A model that changes in a country’s population, but population will eventually stop growing when country transitions from high birth/ death rates to low fertility and mortality
  
  • stabilization happens in developed countries
  • immigrants can affect the demographic transition by increasing fertility

1. High birth rates: caused by not having enough birth control and high death rates due to diseases.
2. Death rate increase: population will rise
3. Death rates and birth rates fall: birth control and fewer people’s deaths.
4. Popullation stabilizes: both birth and death rates are low.
5. World population stabilize: negative growth rate usually happens when we run out of things

Question 18

What is the globalization theories?

Answer 18

• Is the sharing of culture, money and products between countries

Question 19

What is the world-systems theory?

Answer 19

• it is the importance of the world divided in 3 countries
  
  • Core: western Europe and U.S
  • Periphery: latin americal and Africa, influence and dependent on core
  • Semi-periphery: indian and brazil middle ground countries
    
    • They are criticized for being too focus on the core countries and not their own individual countries
      *

Question 20

What is modernization theory? Dependency theory? hyperglobalist perspective? skeptical perspective and transformatinalist perspective?

Answer 20

• Modernization: All countries follow a similar path of development to modern society. They essentially want to all become modern
• Dependency: countries depend on core countries, these people look at inequalities- they say that periphery countries give their goods to core countries and that enables them to develop
• Hyperglobalist perspective: countries become interdependent and nations states themselves are less important.
• Sceptical perspective: the third world is not being integrated into the global economy.
• Transformationalist perspective: they believe that the national governments are hanging.
  
  • they seeing a new world order is changing.

Question 21

what are trades and transnational corporations?

Answer 21

• Trade are supported by groups like the world trade organizations and agreements like the NA free trade agreement.
  
  • these mainly benefits private industries
  • Multinational/ transnational corporations -companies that go beyond the borders of a country.
• Developing countries: provide incentives like tax-free zones or cheap labour
  
  • negative: workers abroad exploit and outsourcing can hurt core countries
  • positive: better allocation of resources

Question 22

What is a social movement and the different theories associated with it?

Answer 22

• when people come together with shared idea can create lasting effects by shaping future of the society.
  
  • They need: organization, leadership and resources to make an impact.

Question 23

what is activist movmeents vs regressive/ reactionary movements?

Answer 23

• Activist: want to change some aspect of society
• Regressive: resist change

Question 24

Why activist and regressive movements form?

Answer 24

• Mass society theory: scepticism about groups -they believe they form because people are wanting to get refuge from society
• Relative deprivation theory: that comes from groups wo are oppressed/ deprived of rights that others enjoy.
  
  • segregation and the civil right movement
• Resource mobilization theory: looks at social movement from a different angle. look at people resources that may be impacted when you are trying to have asocial movement
• Rational choice theory: people compare pro and cons of different actions. and choose whatever they feel like is best for themselves.