Theme 3 - Tourism Flashcards
definitions
tourism
travel for recreation, leisire, religious, family or business purposes
definitions
tourist
a person travelling
definitions
international tourist
a tourist travelling across national borders
definitions
domestic tourist
a tourist travelling within a country
definitions
long-haul
a journey that takes over 6 hours
definitions
short-haul
a journey that takes less than 6 hours
why has tourism grown?
- media has promoted it
- transportation improvements mean it’s readily available to many
- new middle class NICs provide locations
- rise in incomes - more people can afford it
global tourism patterns
factors affecting number of tourists
- remoteness
- ‘safety’ reputation
- natural disasters
- global events (e.g. Olympics)
- growth of NICs
advantages/disadvantages of tourism
economic advantages to host country
- multiplier effect
- tax revenue
- growth in skilled jobs
- growth in tertiary sector
- diversifies economy
definitions
FDI
foreign direct investment
advantages/disadvantages of tourism
economic disadvantages to host country
- seasonal employment
- low-paid, low-skilled work
- glass ceiling effect
- package holidays -> economic leakage
- over dependence on tourism
definitions
economic leakage
when money generated by tourism is lost to other economies
advantages/disadvantages of tourism
social advantages to host country
- encouraged pride in culture
- global understanding of culture
- infrastructure improvements
- language skills
advantages/disadvantages of tourism
social disadvantages to host country
- demonstration effect (copying tourists)
- increase in land cost + house prices
- encouragement of informal child labour
- encourages bright light syndrome
advantages/disadvantages of tourism
environmental advantages to host country
- motivation to maintain landscape
- funding for conservation
- tourists educated about issues
advantages/disadvantages of tourism
environmental disadvantages to host country
- water shortages
- carbon footprint from travel
- footfall on honeypot sites
- damage to physical environment (e.g. coral reefs)
definitions
honeypot sites
places with special interest or appeal that are very popular with visitors and which tend to be overcrowded at peak times
definitions
overtourism
when a destination receives too many visitors, which negatively impacts the quality of life for locals and the experience for visitors
sustainable tourism
advantages of sustainable tourism
- restricted number of visitors
- education about local issues
- use of local produce
- local employment
- limits damage to wildlife
- reduces noise pollution
- reduces footpath erosion
definitions
sustainable tourism
tourism that takes full account of its current and future economic, social and environmental impacts, addressing the needs of visitors, the industry, the environment and host communities
definitions
ecotourism
nature-based tourism that aims to preserve the environment and improve the well-being of local people
sustainable tourism
restrictions of sustainable tourism
- expensive for tourists
- caps tourist numbers
- limits ability to diversify market
reasons for growth of tourism
- population increase
- education & awareness of other countries
- cheaper transport - budget airlines e.g. scoot
- changes in politics: now much safer to travel
- development of the aviation industry, travel is more efficient
- more disposable income - more people can afford to travel
definitions
international tourism
tourism that crosses national borders
definitions
domestic tourism
tourism that involves travelling within the same country
definitions
mass tourism
a large number of organised tourists travelling to popular holiday destinations for recreation
definitions
package holidays
a holiday planned entirely by a travel agent at an all inclusive price
CASE STUDY: Tourism in JAMAICA
Introduction
- 3rd largest island in the caribbean sea
- attractive tourist destination: beaches, food, vibrant culture
CASE STUDY: Tourism in JAMAICA
Positive Impacts
- tourism brings jobs -> 175,000 direct & 354,000 indirect
- new infrastructure (hotels, airports)
- 20.6% employed from tourism industry
- local farms sell produce: sugarcane, citrus etc
- national parks developed
- improvement in sewage, water & garbage collection
CASE STUDY: Tourism in JAMAICA
Negative Impacts
- the average tourist use 10 times more resources than the average local
- loss of heritage, e.g. jamaican reggae music
- economic leakage from all inclusive holidays
- coral reefs damaged from watersports, e.g. jetskis
- hotels damage visual landscape, e.g. Falmouth hotel
CASE STUDY: Tourism in JAMAICA
Management
NATIONAL PARKS:
- $8 entry per person
- conservation of coral reefs
- Negril marine park has strict rules on number of people at a time -> avoids overcrowding
ECOTOURISM:
- landscaping in Montego bay aims to be more visually attractive
- strict control of hotel height -> avoids blockage of views
- reggae festival showcases jamaican culture
- locals run small hotels -> improved quality of life
