Theme 1 - Settlement - Service Provision

Question 1

site

Answer 1

the location of the settlement

Question 2

situation

Answer 2

the location of the settlement in relation to the surrounding area

Question 3

bridging point

Answer 3

where a river is shallow enough to be crossed or narrow enough to eaily build a bridge

Question 4

dry-point

Answer 4

in wet areas, when settlements are built on raised land to avoid flooding

Question 5

nodal point

Answer 5

where natural routes meet or the confluence of two rivers

Question 6

defensive

Answer 6

settlements built within a river meander, providing protection from attack

Question 7

wet-point

Answer 7

a source of water in otherwise dry areas

Question 8

factors affecting site

Answer 8

• access to water supply
• well drained land free from flooding
• south facing land -> optimum sunlight for agriculture
• fertile land for crops and livestock
• timber for building and fuel
• soil type
• relief
• accessibility / remoteness
• resources

Question 9

settlement shape

dispersed

Answer 9

buildings are spread out

e.g. a farmhouse in the middle of fields

Question 10

settlement shape

nucleated

Answer 10

buildings are close together

often around a junction, road or river crossing

Question 11

settlement shape

linear

Answer 11

long and narrow in shape

built along rainways, riverbanks or canals

Question 12

examples of settlement function

Answer 12

• mining town
• market town
• tourist resort
• residential
• commercial
• manufacuring
• port
• cultural/religious

Question 13

mega city

Answer 13

an urban area with population over 10 million people

Question 14

millionare city

Answer 14

city with population of over 1 million people

Question 15

settlement function

Answer 15

the primary purpose or role of a settlement

Question 16

sphere of influence

Answer 16

the distance people are willing to travel to a settlement for the avail of its goods and services

Question 17

why do larger settlements (like conurbations) have larger sphere of influence?

Answer 17

because of the high order facilities they offer, they attract people from a wider area.

E.g. London has a global sphere of influence due to attractions such as big ben and the london eye.

Question 18

threshold population

Answer 18

the minimum number of people who need to support a service in order for it to stay profitable

Question 19

high order settlement

Answer 19

a large settlement, such as a city, that offers high order goods and services

Question 20

middle order settlement

Answer 20

a settlement that offers middle order goods and services

Question 21

low order settlement

Answer 21

a small settlement, such as a town, that offers low order goods and services

Question 22

high order goods

Answer 22

goods and services that are expensive + have a high threshold population

people are willing to travel long distances to buy them

Question 23

comparison goods

Answer 23

these have a higher value and are purchased less often.

E.g. household items, electrical goods, clothes and shoes.

People tend to go to several shops to compare products before buying them.

Question 24

middle order goods

Answer 24

the goods that people buy less frequently, perhaps on a fortnight to monthly basis.

E.g. shoes and clothes

Question 25

low order goods

Answer 25

the goods that people buy on a regular basis, perhaps every day.

E.g. milk, bread and newspapers

Question 26

convenience goods

Answer 26

items that are bought frequently and are readily available in most shops

E.g. bread and milk

Question 27

high order service

Answer 27

requires a large population to support it and is typically only found in larger settlements

used less frequently, but people travel far for them.

E.g. universities + big department stores.

Question 28

middle order service

Answer 28

Middle order services are the services people use less frequently

E.g. bank

Towns usually have low and middle order services

Question 29

low order service

Answer 29

Low order services are the services people use on a regular basis

E.g. post office, corner shop

Hamlets and villages usually only have low order services

Question 30

CASE STUDY: Service Provision in SARDINIA

Introduction

Answer 30

• Sardinia is a large italian island in the Mediterranean sea
• it is known for having a wide range of settlements, from large metropolitan cities to small hamlets

Question 31

CASE STUDY: Service Provision in SARDINIA

Settlement 1. Bosa

Answer 31

• small town
• known for agriculture and fishing
• beautiful beaches -> rated best in Italy
• growing in popularity in recent years due to tourism

Question 32

CASE STUDY: Service Provision in SARDINIA

Settlement 2. Carbonia

Answer 32

• Large town
• originally built to house mining workers
• now is residential
• carbonia = italian word for coal
• high unemployment since mines closed in the 70s

Question 33

CASE STUDY: Service Provision in SARDINIA

Settlement 3. Cagliari

Answer 33

• conurbation
• one of the biggest fishing markets in italy
• one of the largest container terminals in the mediterranean sea
• population of 250,000

Question 34

CASE STUDY: Service Provision in SARDINIA

Settlement 4. Hamlets and Isolated Dwellings

Answer 34

• as the settlement size increases, there are less of that settlement
• there are many small dwellings and hamlets across the island